Sulawesi as the Crossroads of the Southeast Asian Rodent Radiations

苏拉威西岛是东南亚啮齿动物辐射的十字路口

• 批准号: 0075555
• 负责人: Don Melnick
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0075555&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sulawesi; Crossroads; Southeast; Asian; Rodent

0075555Morales and RuedasObservations and mapping endeavors in the Malay Archipelago dating back to the time of Alfred Russel Wallace formed the beginnings of the modern biological discipline of biogeography: the study of the distributions of animals and plants, and of the causes of those distributions. However, perhaps in part because of the overwhelming influence of Wallace, no further comprehensive biological studies have since been undertaken in the Malay Archipelago, the birthplace of biogeography. A few studies have examined, in isolation, distinct faunal elements (e.g., insects, birds, bats) of certain of the islands of the archipelago. We have, in contrast, begun to integrate these disparate studies and initiate studies of our own across the entire Malay Archipelago, from Mainland Asia to New Guinea and Australia. These integrative studies have as a goal to test the general biogeographic hypotheses founded on ecological studies of the area. Our work focuses on DNA-sequence derived studies of the evolutionary relationships within a single group of animals: the rodents. In particular, we will concentrate on one family of rodents, the Muridae, which is the most speciose: over 65% of all rodent species (1326/2021) are murids. We chose these rodents because these tend to be widespread and ubiquitous throughout the region, thus we are almost invariably assured of study organisms. We will use the DNA-sequence data to determine what the major patterns of historical biogeography are in the area. The specific objectives of the project are to derive DNA-sequence based phylogenies of the area's murid rodents; these phylogenies will be used to test biogeographic hypotheses that have been proposed for the origin of the Australian, Papuan, and Sulawesian rodent radiations. Finally, the data will be used to generate a more comprehensive and robust vision of the relationships among the region's rodents. We will concentrate on Sulawesi as a key missing element in our current data set. We have been studying the region's rodents for some years and have amassed specimens for analysis from islands on the continental margin as well as New Guinea and Australia; however, Sulawesi is of critical importance to regional biogeographic analyses (therefore to biogeography as a whole), as ecologically derived faunal studies are unable to localize the island within either of the two broad regions elucidated by Wallace. Sulawesi's murid rodent fauna, one of the area's and the world's richest, is constituted by at least 41 species, of which 36 are endemic. Of the endemics, ample representation is found of the major murid groups of the area, but most importantly, a group known as the "Old Endemics." Rodents in this group tend to be rare and isolated and as such constitute key elements in evolutionary and biogeographic analyses. Discovering these patterns will enable us to begin to understand how the faunal colonization of the area was undertaken, as well as what mechanisms are responsible for one of the richest regional mammalian biotas in the world.

007555555555555555555年的劳拉（Ruedasobsertations）和绘制马来群岛的努力可以追溯到阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士（Alfred Russel Wallace）时代，这形成了现代生物地理学生物纪律的起点：动物和植物的分布研究，以及这些分布的原因。 但是，也许部分原因是华莱士的压倒性影响，此后在马来群岛（Malay Archipelago）（生物地理学的出生地）中没有进行进一步的全面生物学研究。 一些研究以孤立的方式研究了群岛某些岛屿的某些岛屿的独特的动物元素（例如昆虫，鸟类，蝙蝠）。相比之下，我们已经开始整合这些不同的研究，并在整个马来群岛，从亚洲大陆到新几内亚和澳大利亚的整个马来群岛启动研究。 这些综合研究的目的是检验基于该地区生态研究的一般生物地理假设。 我们的工作重点是对一组动物中进化关系的DNA序列得出的研究：啮齿动物。 特别是，我们将集中精力于一个啮齿动物家族，穆里德科（Muridae）是最具体的：超过65％的啮齿动物物种（1326/2021）是病。 我们之所以选择这些啮齿动物，是因为这些啮齿动物往往在整个地区广泛而普遍存在，因此我们几乎总是确保研究生物体。 我们将使用DNA序列数据来确定该地区历史生物地理学的主要模式。该项目的具体目标是推导该地区鼠啮齿动物的基于DNA序列的系统发育；这些系统发育将用于测试针对澳大利亚，巴布亚人和苏拉威斯啮齿动物辐射的起源提出的生物地理假设。 最后，数据将用于对该地区啮齿动物之间的关系产生更全面，更强大的视野。 我们将专注于苏拉威西作为当前数据集中的关键丢失元素。 我们已经研究了该地区的啮齿动物已有几年了，并积累了标本，以分析大陆边缘以及新几内亚和澳大利亚的岛屿。但是，苏拉威西对区域生物地理分析（因此对整个生物地理学）至关重要，因为生态得出的动物研究无法将岛屿定位在由华莱士阐明的两个广泛地区中的任何一个。 Sulawesi的Murid啮齿动物动物群是该地区和世界上最富有的动物之一，由至少41种构成，其中36种是地方性的。 在选拔赛中，发现了该地区主要穆里德群体的充分代表，但最重要的是一个被称为“古老的人物”的群体。 该组中的啮齿动物往往很少见，因此构成了进化和生物地理分析中的关键要素。 发现这些模式将使我们能够开始了解该地区的动物殖民地殖民如何进行，以及哪些机制负责世界上最富有的地区哺乳动物生物群之一。