POWRE: Genetic Regulatory Shifts in Insect Evolution

POWRE：昆虫进化中的遗传调控转变

• 批准号: 9973647
• 负责人: Susan Brown
• 金额: $ 7.42万
• 依托单位: Kansas State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-01 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9973647&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: POWRE; Genetic; Regulatory; Shifts; Insect

+Studies of insect embryogenesis have defined two major development types. Most insects display a short germ type of development in which a germ rudiment forms and additional segments are added sequentially. In contrast, long germ type insects form segments along the entire anterior-posterior axis virtually simultaneously. This behavior, thought to be derived, is due in part to an increased maternal contribution of materials and patterning information, and presumably offers the selective advantage of rapid early development. It has been suggested that regulatory changes occurred via a shift of some embryonic patterning mechanisms from zygotic to maternal regulation. In Drosophila, a long germ insect, several gene products are provided maternally and stored until required for specific functions. However, the extent to which these genes may be zygotically controlled in other insects is not known. The Drosophila gene ftz transcription factor 1 (ftz-f1) is maternally transcribed. The encoded protein is translated in the embryo and required for normal segmentation . In the short germ beetle, Tribolium castaneum, the ftz-f1 ortholog is expressed in embryonic pair-rule stripes. This apparent shift of ftz-f1 control from zygotic to maternal may provide a general paradigm for the regulatory changes which accompanied the evolution of long germ development. Alternatively, the regulatory change observed for ftz-f1 may be unique to this gene. Analysis of the Tribolium homologs of several other Drosophila zygotic lethal genes with maternal effects will provide the information necessary to distinguish between these possibilities. The research described in this POWRE proposal represents a new line of inquiry for Dr. Brown and will provide the opportunity to achieve a level of recognizable independence required for advancement to full Research Professor.

+昆虫胚胎发生的研究定义了两种主要的发展类型。 大多数昆虫都显示出短的生殖类型的发育类型，在该发育中，依次添加了细菌的基础形式和其他段。 相比之下，长胚型昆虫几乎同时沿整个前后轴形成段。 这种行为被认为是衍生的，部分原因是材料和模式信息的产妇贡献增加，并且大概提供了快速早期发展的选择性优势。 有人提出，通过某些胚胎模式机制从合子调节到母体调节，调节发生了变化。 在果蝇（果蝇）中，一种长的细菌昆虫，在母体上提供了几种基因产物，并存储直到需要特定功能为止。 但是，这些基因在其他昆虫中可能在合子控制的程度尚不清楚。 果蝇基因FTZ转录因子1（FTZ-F1）被母亲转录。 编码的蛋白在胚胎中翻译，并需要正常分割。 在短的胚芽甲虫，tribolium castaneum中，FTZ-F1直系同源物在胚胎配对条纹中表达。 FTZ-F1控制从合子到母体的明显转变可能为伴随长菌发育发展的调节变化提供了一般范式。 或者，对FTZ-F1观察到的调节变化可能是该基因独有的。 对具有母体效应的其他几种果蝇致死基因的Tribolium同源物的分析将提供区分这些可能性所必需的信息。 该POWRE提案中描述的研究代表了布朗博士的新调查线，并将提供机会，以实现向全面研究教授晋升所需的可识别独立性。