Understanding Crime and Community: Feasibility Proposal for A National Neighborhood Crime Study

了解犯罪与社区：全国邻里犯罪研究的可行性建议

• 批准号: 9911902
• 负责人: Ruth Peterson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-10-01 至 2000-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9911902&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Crime; Community; Feasibility; Proposal

This project studies the feasibility of obtaining neighborhood-level (tract) crime data from police departments across the U.S. Currently, there is no large representative sample of crime data available at the community level. If feasible, the investigators will develop a larger project to collect such crime data for multiple U. S. cities (up to 110) for year 2000, and combine these crime data with additional information from the U.S. Census and other publicly available data sources. The general purpose of a national neighborhood crime project is to more systematically examine how community structures within different types of cities are linked to crime in neighborhoods of varying racial/ethnic and class composition. Prior researchers have explored the predictors of neighborhood crime patterns within cities, but our understanding of neighborhood variation in crime is limited due to the lack of readily available crime data at the neighborhood level for cities across the nation. This lack of data has made it impossible to address issues of: (1) the generalizability of previous findings regarding neighborhood crime patterns since studies only examine neighborhoods in one or a small number of settings; (2) whether the conditions present in different types of cities influence the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and crime; and (3) the separate effects of racial and class composition of local areas on crime rates. In light of these shortcomings in our understanding of neighborhood crime, the goal of this research is to compile tract-level crime data for a large sample of cities throughout the U.S. that vary substantially in sociodemographic and economic structure, including race and class composition, and to link these data with a consistent set of neighborhood, city, and metropolitan sociodemographic and economic variables for the same time period. These data will then be used to address the above questions and related substantive issues. To assess the feasibility of acquiring the requisite data on neighborhood crime, the investigators will: (1) make contact with random samples of city police departments requesting such data; (2) use the contacts made to gain information on the form and nature of available data; (3) make site visits to several departments to gain insights into the constraints departments in different types of cities face, and to identify appropriate strategies for gaining cooperation from different departments; and (4) assess the kinds and degrees of problems that will be encountered in trying to use data from different departments by attempting to code and construct crime variables from data actually acquired, and by having the address-based crime data geocoded to census tracts.

该项目研究了目前从美国警察部门获得邻里级别（道路）犯罪数据的可行性，在社区一级没有可用的犯罪数据样本。如果可行的话，调查人员将开发一个更大的项目，以为2000年的多个美国城市收集此类犯罪数据，并将这些犯罪数据与美国人口普查和其他公开可用数据来源的其他信息相结合。 国家邻里犯罪项目的一般目的是更系统地研究不同类型城市中的社区结构如何与不同种族/种族和阶级组成的社区中的犯罪联系起来。 先前的研究人员已经探索了城市内邻里犯罪模式的预测因素，但是由于全国城市的邻里层面缺乏易于使用的犯罪数据，我们对犯罪的邻里差异的理解受到限制。 缺乏数据使得无法解决以下问题：（1）以前有关邻里犯罪模式的发现的普遍性，因为研究仅检查一个或少数环境中的邻里； （2）不同类型城市中存在的条件是否影响邻里特征与犯罪之间的关系； （3）当地地区种族和阶级组成对犯罪率的单独影响。 鉴于我们对邻里犯罪的理解中的这些缺点，这项研究的目的是为整个美国的大量城市汇编大量城市，这些犯罪数据在社会人口统计学和经济结构（包括种族和阶级组成）上有很大差异，并将这些数据与邻里，城市，城市和大都市社会学和经济学和经济学和经济变量相同的一套邻里数据联系起来。然后，这些数据将用于解决上述问题和相关的实质性问题。 为了评估获取有关邻里犯罪的必要数据的可行性，调查人员将：（1）与要求此类数据的随机样本联系； （2）使用建立的联系人获取有关可用数据形式和性质的信息； （3）对几个部门进行现场访问，以了解不同类型城市面临的约束部门的见解，并确定从不同部门获得合作的适当策略； （4）评估试图通过试图从实际获取的数据进行编码和构建犯罪变量以及将基于地址基于地址的犯罪数据地理编码的数据编码和构建犯罪变量来使用来自不同部门的数据时会遇到的问题的种类和程度。