Understanding the Aging Process of Urban African Americans Across the Life Course: Identifying Early Risk and Protection for Cognition and Health in Midlife

了解城市非裔美国人整个生命过程的衰老过程：识别早期风险并保护中年认知和健康

基本信息

批准号：
10460949
负责人：
Kerry M Green
金额：
$ 58.65万
依托单位：
UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Black Americans experience disproportionate poor aging outcomes, including pronounced disparities in brain health (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease), significant social isolation, and nearly twice the mortality rate compared to Whites. Although it is purported that these adverse health outcomes are due to a combination of greater adversity over the life course and unhealthy coping behaviors, few studies have prospectively examined these aspects of the lives of Blacks from childhood into the 60s. This developmental epidemiological study focuses on life course pathways to successful aging in a large community cohort of urban Blacks first studied at age 6, then in adolescence, and at ages 32 and 42. The proposed fifth round of data collection at age 60 is crucial for examining individual and contextual life course trajectories affecting the aging experience. The specific aims are to: (1) identify the array of aging experiences for the Woodlawn cohort of Blacks at age 60 using indicators of cognitive, physical, functional, social, and mental health, (2) determine specific stressors across the life course that influence aging, and (3) identify specific and malleable protective factors across the life course that promote physical, mental, cognitive and social well-being for urban Blacks. This comprehensive study has followed nearly all children entering first grade in 1966 in Woodlawn, a poor Chicago community (N=1242). We have collected information from mothers, teachers, and official school, criminal, and death records as well as data from cohort members themselves and now have an invaluable opportunity to examine well being comprehensively over the life course for an underinvestigated population. This one-of-a-kind study spanning more than 50 years will allow in-depth exploration of both normative development and deviance, challenging assumptions of Black homogeneity and reframing the current deficit conceptualization, to focus instead on pathways to successful aging, cognitive functioning, and health. Guided by the life course perspective and stress theory, the experienced, uniquely qualified research team will employ advanced locating technology and sophisticated analytical approaches tailored to longitudinal research. This research will contribute to understanding life course influences on aging in urban Blacks. Our long-term goal is to inform intervention development and policy making by identifying critical pivotal influences along the life course that alter aging trajectories and improve health outcomes. In addition, this study will produce a dataset that can be used by us and others for many years to identify complex patterns, subgroup differences, indirect pathways and targets for early intervention that are critical to reduce health disparities and improve health outcomes for at-risk urban Blacks. This work aligns with NIA’s strategic direction, which aims to (1) better understand the effects of personal, interpersonal, and societal factors on later life cognitive impairment (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia) and aging, (2) understand health disparities, and (3) develop strategies to improve the health status of older adults in diverse populations.

项目摘要/摘要黑人美国人经历不成比例的衰老结果，包括大脑的明显差异健康（例如阿尔茨海默氏病），重大的社会隔离，几乎是死亡率的两倍白人。尽管据称这些不良健康结果是由于更大的结合对生活过程的逆境和不健康的应对行为，很少有研究对这些研究进行研究从童年到60年代，黑人生活的各个方面。这种发展流行病学研究的重点在一大批城市黑人队中，成功衰老的生活途径在6岁时首次研究然后在青少年和32岁和42岁时。拟议的60岁数据收集至关重要检查影响衰老体验的个人和上下文生活课程轨迹。具体目标是：（1）使用指标确定60岁黑人的伍德劳恩队列的老化体验认知，身体，功能，社会和心理健康，（2）确定生活中的特定压力源影响衰老的过程，以及（3）在整个生活过程中确定特定且可延展的保护因素为城市黑人促进身体，精神，认知和社会福祉。这项全面的研究有跟随1966年在伍德劳恩（Woodlawn）的几乎所有儿童进入一年级，这是一个贫穷的芝加哥社区（n = 1242）。我们已经收集了母亲，老师和官方学校，刑事和死亡记录的信息以及队列成员本身的数据，现在有一个宝贵的机会来检查健康全面地在人生课程中为人口不足的人群提供了全面的研究。这个独一无二的研究跨越超过50年将可以深入探索正常发展和偏差，挑战黑色同质性的假设并重新构架当前的赤字概念化，而是专注于成功衰老，认知功能和健康的途径。在生活课程的观点和压力理论，经验丰富的独特研究团队将采用先进的定位技术和针对纵向研究量身定制的软化分析方法。这项研究将有助于了解生活课程对城市黑人衰老的影响。我们的长期目标是告知干预通过识别生活过程中的关键关键影响来改变衰老的发展和政策制定轨迹并改善健康结果。此外，这项研究将产生我们可以使用的数据集多年来，其他人可以识别复杂的模式，亚组差异，间接途径和目标早期干预对于减少健康差异并改善高危城市的健康状况至关重要黑人。这项工作与NIA的战略方向保持一致，该方向的目的是（1）更好地了解个人，人际关系和社会因素对以后的生活认知障碍（例如，阿尔茨海默氏病，痴呆症）和衰老，（2）了解健康差异，（3）制定改善健康状况的策略潜水员人口的老年人。