Dissertation Research: Mechanics of Speciation in the Rock Dwelling Cichlid Genus Melanochromis in Lake Malawi, Africa (Teleostei:Cichlidae)

论文研究：非洲马拉维湖岩石慈鲷属 Melanochromis 的物种形成机制（Teleostei：慈鲷科）

• 批准号: 9623881
• 负责人: Thomas Kocher
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-06-01 至 1998-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9623881&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Mechanics; Speciation; Rock

9623881 KOCHER The fauna of cichlid fish (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Malawi (eastern Africa) represent a level of species diversity unparalleled in other vertebrate lineages. Lake Malawi contains an estimated 500 distinct species, most of which are found only in this lake. It is thought that this high level of biodiversity has been generated during the relatively short time that Lake Malawi has been in existence. Many researchers believe that the forces responsible for generating this species richness are still operating today. One model, the Dominey hypothesis, suggests that extreme philopatry (greatly reduced migration between populations) and the development of distinct mate recognition systems within each population, have resulted in the emergence and maintenance of the many Lake Malawi cichlid species. Until now, tests of this hypothesis have been difficult to design and implement. In this study, Jeffrey Markert, under the direction of Thomas Kocher, will use detailed field sampling techniques, laboratory mate-choice experiments, and molecular markers to evaluate the geographic and behavioral components of the Dominey hypothesis. DNA fingerprinting, combined with a fine scale survey of cichlid populations along the eastern shore of Lake MalawiOs Nankumba Peninsula, will assess the extent of philopatry in these populations; the prediction is that these fish hardly ever Oleave homeO. DNA fingerprinting will also be combined with laboratory experiments in which fish, raised in an enclosure that closely replicates natural conditions, are permitted to choose mates from multiple populations; the prediction is that the fish will prefer members of their own population. The results of this study will test the ability of the Dominey hypothesis to model species diversity in Lake Malawi cichlid fish. It will help assess whether the Dominey hypothesis applies only to species diversity in Lake Malawi cichlid fish or can be applied more generally.

9623881 Kocher在马拉维湖（东非）（东非）的丽鱼科鱼动物群（双鱼座：塞奇利多科）代表了其他脊椎动物谱系中无与伦比的物种多样性。 马拉维湖估计有500种不同的物种，其中大部分仅在该湖中发现。 人们认为，这种高水平的生物多样性是在马拉维湖已经存在的相对较短的时间内产生的。 许多研究人员认为，负责产生这种物种丰富性的力量如今仍在运行。 一种模型，即多元化的假设，表明极端的哲学（大大减少了人群之间的迁移）和每个人群中不同伴侣识别系统的发展，导致了许多马拉维湖酸辣椒湖物种的出现和维持。 到目前为止，对该假设的检验很难设计和实施。 在这项研究中，杰弗里·马克特（Jeffrey Markert）在托马斯·科赫（Thomas Kocher）的指导下，将使用详细的现场抽样技术，实验室选择实验和分子标记物来评估多元假设的地理和行为成分。 DNA指纹识别，再加上对马拉维奥斯湖南坎巴半岛东海岸丽鱼科的良好调查，将评估这些人群中的哲学范围；预测这些鱼几乎从来都不是Oleave Holeo。 DNA指纹也将与实验室实验相结合，在该实验实验中，在密切复制自然条件的围栏中饲养的鱼类可以从多个人群中选择伴侣；预测是鱼会更喜欢自己人口的成员。 这项研究的结果将测试多元化假说对马拉维湖酸鸡酸鱼类的物种多样性的能力。 它将有助于评估多元化假设是否仅适用于马拉维湖丽鱼科鱼类的物种多样性，或者可以更普遍地应用。