Fundamental Studies of Heteorogeneous Procesess on Model Polar Stratospheric Cloud Surfaces

模型极地平流层云表面非均质过程的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
9019303
负责人：
Margaret Tolbert
金额：
$ 11.6万
依托单位：
SRI International
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1991-03-15 至 1991-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9019303&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Fundamental Studies Heteorogeneous Procesess Model

项目摘要

This is a laboratory study of the chemistry of atmospheric trace gases in contact with solid surfaces, representative of the particulate matter of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The solid matter will be ordinary water ice or frozen nitric acid trihydrate, which are believed to be constituents of the PSCs. Trace gases whose chemical reactions will be studied on the ice surfaces will be chlorine nitrate and nitrogen pentoxide. The ice solids will be studied both with and without dissolved impurities like hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen fluoride. Solubilities of the impurities in the ices will be determined under a range of experimental conditions. The progress of chemical interactions between the gases and the solids will be followed by simultaneous mass spectroscopy of the gases and by infrared spectroscopy of the solids. This will allow real-time observations of the mutual interactions of the gases and the ice solids. Water ice and frozen nitric acid trihydrate in the polar stratospheric clouds are believed to act as catalysts for chemical reactions of chlorine- and nitrogen-containing gases involved in ozone depletion in the stratosphere. These laboratory studies will develop new information about detailed chemical and physical mechanisms of transformations of chlorine and nitrogen compounds in the stratospheric ozone layer. Such information will help to confirm (or modify?) present beliefs about ozone depletion in the stratosphere and will help us understand the timing of ozone depletion and its relationships to geographic factors.

这是一项对与固体表面接触的大气微量气体化学的实验室研究，代表极地平流层云 (PSC) 的颗粒物质。固体物质将是普通的水冰或冷冻的三水合硝酸，它们被认为是PSC的组成部分。将在冰表面研究化学反应的痕量气体是硝酸氯和五氧化二氮。将研究含有和不含有溶解的杂质（如氯化氢、溴化氢和氟化氢）的冰固体。冰中杂质的溶解度将在一系列实验条件下确定。气体和固体之间化学相互作用的进展将通过气体的同步质谱分析和固体的红外光谱分析来跟踪。这将允许实时观察气体和冰固体的相互作用。极地平流层云中的水冰和冷冻三水合硝酸被认为是平流层臭氧消耗中涉及的含氯气体和含氮气体化学反应的催化剂。这些实验室研究将开发有关平流层臭氧层中氯和氮化合物转化的详细化学和物理机制的新信息。这些信息将有助于确认（或修改？）目前关于平流层臭氧消耗的信念，并将帮助我们了解臭氧消耗的时间及其与地理因素的关系。