Development of Quantitative, Hydrodynamic and Biological Models of Settlement of Planktonic Larvae of Benthic Animals

底栖动物浮游幼虫沉降的定量、水动力和生物学模型的开发

• 批准号: 9016825
• 负责人: James Eckman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-01-01 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9016825&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Quantitative; Hydrodynamic; Biological; Models

Dr Eckman and collaborators will develop some general, quantitative models designed to assess the relative roles of transport, turbulent mixing and shear, larval development and larval behavior in producing spatial and temporal variability in rates of settlement of planktonic larvae of benthic invertebrates. The focus will be largely, but not exclusively, on unique problems faced by planktonic larvae of benthic existence. These investigators will begin by creating simple, steady, 1-dimensional models that should enable us to evaluate selected larval flux conditions at the boundary, and to assess the relative influence of many important scaling variables on settlement rate. Variables studied in 1-D models will include the scale and density of bottom roughness features, boundary shear velocity (including lift and drag forces exerted on larvae), turbulent mixing, larval swimming, substrate selectivity by larvae, and the degree of larval competence to settle. The development and evaluation of these models will include laboratory studies of larval behavior and settlement to ensure accuracy. The models will indicate which scaling variables must be incorporated, and which can reasonably be deleted, from more complex models that more closely mimic field situations. Dr. Eckman et al. will build and evaluate a series of more complex, ideal models, which have broader ecological relevance. These models will include time-dependent flows that account for wind-wave or tidal forcing, and 2-dimensional, steady flows that incorporate horizontal gradients in bottom roughness or depth. Thus, the research will incorporate physical dynamics, biological development and behavior into quantitative formulae. This work will generate predictions of variability in rates of larval settlement in space and time for several ecologically relevant situations. For each case, the models will indicate the relative sensitivity of larval settlement rates to a suite of potentially important hydrodynamic and biological process. The research proposed includes conceptual studies of simplification and predictability, and prototype investigations of biological processes in idealized flow fields - two categories of research targeted for support under GLOBEC's modelling program.

埃克曼博士和合作者将开发一些通用的定量模型，旨在评估运输，湍流混合和剪切，幼虫的发展以及幼体行为在产生底栖无脊椎动物浮游幼虫的空间和时间变异性方面的幼体行为。重点将在很大程度上是（但不仅仅是唯一的）底栖生物浮游生物所面临的独特问题。这些研究者将首先创建简单，稳定的一维模型，该模型应使我们能够评估边界处选定的幼虫通量条件，并评估许多重要的缩放变量对沉降速率的相对影响。在1-D模型中研究的变量将包括底部粗糙度特征的尺度和密度，边界剪切速度（包括在幼虫上施加的升力和阻力力），湍流混合，幼虫游泳，幼虫的底物选择性以及幼虫能力的程度。这些模型的开发和评估将包括有关幼虫行为和和解的实验室研究，以确保准确性。这些模型将指示必须从更紧密模仿场情况的更复杂的模型中合并哪些缩放变量，并且可以合理地删除哪些缩放变量。埃克曼（Eckman）等人。将建立和评估一系列更复杂，理想的模型，这些模型具有更广泛的生态相关性。这些模型将包括计算风波或潮汐强迫的时间依赖性流，以及二维稳定的流动，将水平梯度纳入底部粗糙度或深度。因此，该研究将将物理动力学，生物学发展和行为纳入定量公式。这项工作将为几种生态相关情况的时空定居点和时间的幼虫定居点变异性产生预测。对于每种情况，模型将表明幼虫沉降率与一系列潜在重要的水动力和生物学过程的相对灵敏度。拟议的研究包括对简化和可预测性的概念研究，以及对理想流动场中生物过程的原型研究 - 在Globec的建模计划下针对支持的两类研究。