Canine Size Jaw Movements and Loading Patterns

犬齿大小的下颌运动和加载模式

• 批准号: 8711842
• 负责人: William Hylander
• 金额: $ 11.86万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-08-01 至 1992-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8711842&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Canine; Size; Jaw; Movements; Loading

This grant permits Dr. Hylander and his colleagues to study the effect of canine size on how animals chew. A detailed analysis of jaw movements and loading patterns will be conducted on 4 adult male and 4 adult female baboons to answer three related questions. During mastication, what is: (1) the influence of canine size (males vs. females) on jaw movements, (2) the influence of the mechanical properties of food on jaw movements, and (3) the relationship between loading and jaw movements. The investigators wish to focus particularly on the interaction of the three questions. To accomplish this they will analyze vertical, lateral and front.to.back jaw movements with a magnet sensing jaw.tracking system originally designed for humans. Loading patterns of the mandible will be analyzed by both strain gage and electromyograplhic techniques. One tgait which distinguishes human from other primates is the reduced size of our canine teeth and the functional significance of this, which is evident in the earliest humans, continues to be a crucial and much debated topic in paleoanthropology. This research is designed to test the hypothesis that canine reduction eliminates mechanical constraints on mandibular movements during mastication. The elimination of these constraints supposedly allows an increase in the sideway movement of the mandible during biting and thus increases the overall efficiency of mastication. This project will help to answer this question. The research is important because it will help to explicate the factors which underlie human development and led to the appearance of our own species.

这笔资助使海兰德博士和他的同事能够研究犬类大小对动物咀嚼方式的影响。将对 4 只成年雄性狒狒和 4 只成年雌性狒狒进行下颌运动和负载模式的详细分析，以回答三个相关问题。咀嚼过程中：(1) 犬齿大小（雄性与雌性）对下颌运动的影响，(2) 食物的机械特性对下颌运动的影响，以及 (3) 负荷与下颌运动之间的关系。研究人员希望特别关注这三个问题的相互作用。为了实现这一目标，他们将使用最初为人类设计的磁感应下颌跟踪系统来分析垂直、横向和前后下颌的运动。 将通过应变计和肌电图技术来分析下颌骨的负载模式。 人类区别于其他灵长类动物的一个步态是犬齿的尺寸减小，这一点的功能意义在最早的人类中很明显，仍然是古人类学中一个至关重要且备受争议的话题。这项研究旨在检验尖牙缩小消除咀嚼过程中下颌运动的机械限制这一假设。据推测，消除这些限制可以增加咬合过程中下颌的侧向运动，从而提高咀嚼的整体效率。 这个项目将有助于回答这个问题。 这项研究很重要，因为它将有助于解释人类发展背后的因素以及导致我们自己物种出现的因素。