Craniofacial Biomechanics of Primates

灵长类动物颅面生物力学

• 批准号: 9420764
• 负责人: William Hylander
• 金额: $ 21.29万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-01-15 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9420764&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Craniofacial; Biomechanics; Primates

What accounts for the size and shape of the head and face region of humans and our relatives continues to be a critical area of study for anatomists and paleoanthropologists. The approach of Hylander's group has been to characterize patterns of surface bone strain along the face bones of a monkey. Then, in combination with various sorts of anatomical and physiological data, the strain data are used to formulate and test different hyptheses about loading patterns in various facial bones. One of the primary goals is to determine whether, how much, and in which direction a given bone is bent, twisted and/ or sheared during different chewing and biting behaviors. These data the allow some insight as to whether certain aspects of the primate face are structural adaptations to dissipate chewing forces. This work will help explain why primate (including human) facial bones look the way they do. This is particularly important for formulating functional and adaptive interpretation of the fossil record of both human and nonhuman primates. Moreover, by characterizing the mechanical environment of facial bones, these data may provide insights into how and why facial bones respond to various sorts of altered mechanical stress, and thereby contribute to a better understanding of processes related to skeletal maintenance of mechanical strength.

人类和我们的亲属头部和面部区域的大小和形状的原因仍然是解剖学家和古人类学家研究的一个关键领域。 Hylander 小组的方法是描述猴子面部骨骼表面骨应变的模式。 然后，结合各种解剖和生理数据，使用应变数据来制定和测试有关各种面部骨骼的负载模式的不同假设。 主要目标之一是确定给定骨骼在不同的咀嚼和咬合行为期间是否弯曲、扭曲和/或剪切、弯曲程度和方向。 这些数据可以让我们了解灵长类动物面部的某些方面是否是为了消散咀嚼力而进行的结构调整。 这项工作将有助于解释为什么灵长类动物（包括人类）面部骨骼看起来像这样。 这对于制定人类和非人类灵长类化石记录的功能和适应性解释尤其重要。 此外，通过表征面部骨骼的机械环境，这些数据可以深入了解面部骨骼如何以及为何对各种改变的机械应力做出反应，从而有助于更好地理解与骨骼维持机械强度相关的过程。