中国白果蝇族分类学和分子系统发育研究

To our knowledge and specimens collected, the tribe Leucophengini is prosperous and diversity in China (including Taiwan), and including about 140 species which more than 50-percent of the total species in the world; however, about 61 species of them have been known, the rest of species need to study and describe systematically. The drosophila of the Leucophengini mostly inhabit the tree trunk and tussock in forest, and feed on fungus, moss, juice of plant and even some larvae are carnivorous. These displayed differentiations of feeding habits in the Leucophengini are thought to be a key in the study of early evolution of the family Drosophilidae. For the tribe Leucophengini has been defined two different suggestion; the classification of the genus Leucophenga has been established based on morphological characters only; which of 10 species groups including 2/3 known species; some species are having the diagnosis characters between two species groups; the phallic organs are very weak and simple, and abdominal stripes are diversified among same species; thses hard issues make the taxonomy has not been systemically studied in the last two decades.In present study, we plan to carry out taxonomy studies on the Leucophengini from China, and also employ DNA barcoding method in these researches; to establish a natural classification based on phylogenetic analysis using information molecular genetics of multiple genes; to speculate the ancestral area and the radiation reasons of the Leucophengini in the history.

根据我们掌握的标本和资料，我国（包括台湾）白果蝇族具有丰富的多样性，约140余种（占世界种数的半数以上）。目前被记述的有61种，约80种有待于系统地研究和描述。白果蝇族的种类多栖息在林中的草丛和树干，以真菌，苔藓和草木汁液为食，有些类群的幼虫是肉食性的，其独特的分化被认为是研究果蝇科早期分化的关键问题之一。对白果蝇族的定义有二种，存在较大的分歧，需要开展深入研究；白果蝇属内的分类体系是基于形态学特征建立的，10个种团仅包含了2/3的种类，一些种类兼有2个种团的特征；白果蝇属的外生殖器骨化弱、构造简单（种间区别小）和腹部斑纹变化多样，是其分类学研究的难点，二十几年来近乎无人进行全面系统地研究。本项研究拟针对我国的白果蝇族开展系统分类学（包括提供DNA条形码信息）研究，同时，利用多个基因的分子遗传学信息，开展系统发育分析，建立健全自然分类体系，并对其在亚洲东部祖先地及扩散的成因进行分析讨论。

根据我们掌握的标本和资料，我国（包括台湾）白果蝇族具有丰富的多样性，约140余种（占世界种数的半数以上）。目前被记述的有61种，约80种有待于系统地研究和描述。项目实施的四年来，主要针对亚洲东部地区白果蝇族的物种多样性和分子系统发育开展了深入的研究，共整理标本近4千件，共计211种，其中116新种（新增发现36新种，在项目实施过程中采集到的），并提供了928 DNA条形码线粒体DNA COI基因序列及用于系统发育分析的5个核内基因的250条序列。通过分子系统发育分析，明确了并鬃白果蝇种团等六个种团的分类学定义和地位。重点对山东、江西、福建、广东、广西、四川、贵州和云南进行了十多次的野外调查，对白果蝇族的生物学特征有了更明确的认识，其多栖息在林中的草丛和树干，以真菌，苔藓和草木汁液为食的习性，是果蝇科早期分化的重要特征。研究共完成报告16篇，已发表10篇，另有3篇已被接收，3篇正在撰写中；这些成果进一步地完善了白果蝇族的生物多样性和进化生物学研究，及国际DNA条形码数据库的建立。

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