Dinoflagellates as indicators of changes in marine conditions in northern high latitudes

甲藻作为北部高纬度地区海洋条件变化的指标

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06564
• 负责人: Rochon, André
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765291
• 关键词: Dinoflagellates; indicators; changes; marine; conditions

This proposal aims at documenting the natural variability of climate at decennial time scales in northern Baffin Bay (Nunavut), James Bay (Quebec), and the estuary of the Miramichi River (New Brunswick). The evolution of sea surface conditions (temperature, salinity, sea ice cover and primary production) will be reconstructed using dinoflagellate cyst and pollen grain assemblages preserved in marine sediments, through the use of transfer functions using the Modern Analogue Technique. The reconstructions will then be compared with well-documented recent climate oscillations (Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation), with instrumental data, where available, and with the anthropogenic signal preserved in sediments (increase in CO2 level since the beginning of the industrial era, construction of bridges and dams, exploitation of natural resources, all of which may have affected sediment or primary production conditions). The temporal resolution of the reconstructions is similar to that used by climate modelers to establish climate scenarios of future climate change.      We will also document the biological affinities and molecular phylogeny of a number of subarctic and arctic dinocyst species, which are used to reconstruct paleo-sea surface conditions. The ecology of newly described species will also be documented, which will help interpreting the paleoenvironmental records preserved in marine sediment cores. The distribution of dinoflagellates (main toxin-producing microalgae) throughout the Canadian Arctic and in high-risk arctic ports will be documented. This will contribute towards monitoring for the presence of non-indigenous harmful/toxic species that may be transported in ships ballast tanks. Such study will also contribute at preserving the biodiversity of the Canadian Arctic.      Finally, we will also asses the risks of harmful/toxic outbreaks in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence through the analysis of surface sediment samples containing cyst of the toxic species Alexandrium tamarense, that produced a toxic bloom in 2008, which killed fish, birds and marine mammals. The analysis of the cyst content of sediments will provide data on the distribution of cyst beds in the St. Lawrence system.      We are also seeking funds to cover the elevated costs involved with sample collection in the Arctic. Plankton and surface sediments samples, as well as sediment cores, will be collected onboard the CCGS Amundsen over a 5 year period. Part of the funds will serve to visit Arctic communities (Cree Nation in Chisasibi, Inuit communities of Iqaluit, Resolute Bay, Arctic Bay and Pond Inlet) and present our results over the next 5 years. These visits will also contribute at involving local northerners in our sampling effort and to increase their awareness at global warming and future climate change that will affect their fishing + hunting resources, as well as their environment.

该提案旨在记录巴芬湾北部（努纳武特）、詹姆斯湾（魁北克）和米拉米奇河口（新不伦瑞克）每十年时间尺度的气候自然变化和海面条件（温度、盐度）的演变。 ），海冰覆盖和初级生产）将使用海洋沉积物中保存的甲藻包囊和花粉粒组合进行重建，通过使用现代模拟的传递函数然后将重建结果与有据可查的近期气候振荡（中世纪温暖期、小冰期、北大西洋涛动和大西洋多年代际振荡）、可用的仪器数据以及沉积物中保存的人为信号进行比较。自工业时代开始以来的二氧化碳水平、桥梁和水坝的建设、自然资源的开采，所有这些都可能影响沉积物或初级生产条件）。与气候建模者用来建立未来气候变化的气候情景的方法类似，我们还将记录一些亚北极和北极恐龙囊物种的生物亲和力和分子系统发育，用于重建古海表面条件。新描述的物种的生态学也将被记录下来，这将有助于解释海洋沉积物岩心中保存的古环境记录甲藻（主要产生毒素的）的分布。整个加拿大北极地区和高风险北极港口的微藻）将被记录下来，这将有助于监测可能在船舶压载舱中运输的非本土有害/有毒物种的存在。​​最后，我们还将通过分析含有有毒物种亚历山大藻包囊的表面沉积物样本来评估圣劳伦斯河口和海湾有害/有毒爆发的风险。 2008 年，塔玛伦斯产生了有毒的水华，导致鱼类、鸟类和海洋哺乳动物死亡。对沉积物中包囊含量的分析将提供有关圣劳伦斯系统中床包囊分布的数据。北极地区浮游生物和表面沉积物样本以及沉积物岩心的采集费用较高，将在 5 年内在 CCGS Amundsen 上采集，部分资金将用于参观。北极社区（奇萨斯比的克里族、伊卡鲁特的因纽特社区、雷索卢特湾、北极湾和庞德因莱特）并展示我们未来 5 年的结果。这些访问也将有助于让当地北方人参与我们的采样工作并提高他们的认识。全球变暖和未来的气候变化将影响他们的渔业和狩猎资源以及环境。