Dinoflagellates as indicators of changes in marine conditions in northern high latitudes

甲藻作为北部高纬度地区海洋条件变化的指标

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06564
• 负责人: Rochon, André
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715041
• 关键词: Dinoflagellates; indicators; changes; marine; conditions

This proposal aims at documenting the natural variability of climate at decennial time scales in northern Baffin Bay (Nunavut), James Bay (Quebec), and the estuary of the Miramichi River (New Brunswick). The evolution of sea surface conditions (temperature, salinity, sea ice cover and primary production) will be reconstructed using dinoflagellate cyst and pollen grain assemblages preserved in marine sediments, through the use of transfer functions using the Modern Analogue Technique. The reconstructions will then be compared with well-documented recent climate oscillations (Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation), with instrumental data, where available, and with the anthropogenic signal preserved in sediments (increase in CO2 level since the beginning of the industrial era, construction of bridges and dams, exploitation of natural resources, all of which may have affected sediment or primary production conditions). The temporal resolution of the reconstructions is similar to that used by climate modelers to establish climate scenarios of future climate change. We will also document the biological affinities and molecular phylogeny of a number of subarctic and arctic dinocyst species, which are used to reconstruct paleo-sea surface conditions. The ecology of newly described species will also be documented, which will help interpreting the paleoenvironmental records preserved in marine sediment cores. The distribution of dinoflagellates (main toxin-producing microalgae) throughout the Canadian Arctic and in high-risk arctic ports will be documented. This will contribute towards monitoring for the presence of non-indigenous harmful/toxic species that may be transported in ships ballast tanks. Such study will also contribute at preserving the biodiversity of the Canadian Arctic. Finally, we will also asses the risks of harmful/toxic outbreaks in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence through the analysis of surface sediment samples containing cyst of the toxic species Alexandrium tamarense, that produced a toxic bloom in 2008, which killed fish, birds and marine mammals. The analysis of the cyst content of sediments will provide data on the distribution of cyst beds in the St. Lawrence system. We are also seeking funds to cover the elevated costs involved with sample collection in the Arctic. Plankton and surface sediments samples, as well as sediment cores, will be collected onboard the CCGS Amundsen over a 5 year period. Part of the funds will serve to visit Arctic communities (Cree Nation in Chisasibi, Inuit communities of Iqaluit, Resolute Bay, Arctic Bay and Pond Inlet) and present our results over the next 5 years. These visits will also contribute at involving local northerners in our sampling effort and to increase their awareness at global warming and future climate change that will affect their fishing + hunting resources, as well as their environment.

该提案旨在记录北巴芬湾（Nunavut），詹姆斯湾（魁北克）和米拉米奇河（New Brunswick）河口的十年时间尺度上气候的自然变异性。海面条件（温度，盐度，海冰覆盖物和初级生产）的演变将通过使用现代模拟技术的转移功能，使用鞭毛藻囊肿和花粉晶粒组合进行重建。然后，重建将与有据可查的近期气候振荡进行比较沉积物或初级生产条件）。重建的时间分辨率类似于气候建模者用来建立未来气候变化的气候场景的时间分辨率。 我们还将记录许多亚北极和北极恐龙物种的生物亲和力和分子系统发育，这些物种用于重建古海表条件。还将记录新描述的物种的生态学，这将有助于解释在海洋沉积物核心保存的古环境记录。 将记录在加拿大北极和高风险北极端口中鞭毛鞭毛盐（主要产生毒素的微藻）的分布。这将有助于监测可能在船舶压载水箱中运输的非土著有害/有毒物种。这项研究还将为维护加拿大北极的生物多样性做出贡献。 最后，我们还将通过分析含有有毒物种的囊肿亚历山德省tamarense的表面沉积物样品的河口和圣劳伦斯海湾的有害/有毒暴发的风险，该样品在2008年在2008年产生了有毒的布鲁姆，杀死了鱼类，鸟类和海洋哺乳动物。对沉积物的囊肿含量的分析将提供有关圣劳伦斯系统中囊肿床分布的数据。 我们还在寻求资金来支付北极样品收集所涉及的上涨成本。浮游生物和表面沉积物样品以及沉积物核心将在CCGS Amundsen的船上收集5年。这些资金的一部分将有助于参观北极社区（Cree Nation（Cree Nation的Cree Nation，Iqaluit的因纽特人社区，果断湾，北极湾和池塘入口），并在未来5年内呈现我们的成果。这些访问还将有助于让当地北方人参与我们的抽样工作，并提高他们对全球变暖和未来气候变化的认识，这将影响他们的捕鱼 +狩猎资源以及环境。