Satellite remote sensing of atmospheric trends and processes

大气趋势和过程的卫星遥感

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04449
• 负责人: Bourassa, Adam
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763187
• 关键词: Satellite; remote; sensing; atmospheric; trends

In the last few decades we have seen great advances in atmospheric science that have been made possible by new satellite instruments.  These enable global measurements of a high-altitude region of the atmosphere that is important for climate, called the stratosphere, and the lower altitude troposphere, which is critical for our air quality. Canada has played a key role in these advances through the operation of the OSIRIS satellite instrument. The projects funded by this proposal make further use of the OSIRIS measurements to study long-term trends in the stratosphere. We also propose to continue to develop the technology for new satellite instrumentation for measuring the stratosphere, and analyze future satellite measurements of air quality in the troposphere. OSIRIS is one of the few satellite instruments that can measure stratospheric aerosol. These tiny droplets, which can last in the stratosphere for many years, are caused in part by volcanic eruptions and by scattering sunlight away from the Earth, cool the planet. We will work with OSIRIS data and new NASA satellite measurements to improve the long-term record of global distributions of aerosol and extend it into the future. This time series is an important input into the climate modelling studies that need to account for the cooling effects of these aerosol particles. We will also study satellite measurements of reactive nitrogen, which plays an important role in atmosphere chemistry of the stratosphere, to understand long-term evolution and trends that are linked to changes in climate. Using the knowledge we gain by studying satellite measurements, we are developing new prototype instruments for future satellite missions to measure aerosol and water vapor. We have recently tested these instruments on stratospheric balloons and high-altitude aircraft and plan future campaigns targeting scientific observations of aerosols, atmospheric transport, and structure. This proposal provides support for us to continue the testing and scientific analysis of these measurements. An important impact of this project will be a greatly increased readiness level for future Canadian space technology with the potential to make key advances in atmospheric science, along with advancement in the knowledge of how to best utilize and understand new measurements of the atmosphere. Finally, we plan to improve the data quality obtained from future geostationary air quality satellite missions. The standard ways of analyzing these measurements is not ideal for the steep angles required to view Canada from geostationary orbit. Additionally, snow and ice cover, often impacting key Canadian locations such as the oil sands, represents a challenge that can impact retrieved data quality. In this work, we propose to leverage our experience to improve this data quality by developing customized retrieval algorithms for Canadian measurements, specially tuned to handle the steep angles and snowy conditions.

在过去的几十年中，我们看到了新卫星仪器在大气科学方面取得了巨大进步。这些使对气候重要的大气区域的高海拔区域的全球测量能够，称为稻草层和对流层的较低海拔对流层，这对于我们的空气质量至关重要。加拿大通过Osiris卫星仪器的运作在这些进步中发挥了关键作用。该提案资助的项目进一步利用了Osiris测量值来研究平流层的长期趋势。我们还建议继续开发用于测量平流层的新卫星仪器的技术，并分析对流层中空气质量的未来卫星测量。奥西里斯（Osiris）是可以测量平流层特洛（Pherol）的少数卫星仪器之一。这些微小的液滴可以在平流层中持续多年，部分是由火山喷发和将阳光散射出来造成的，从地球上冷却。我们将使用Osiris数据和新的NASA卫星测量，以改善气溶胶全球分布的长期记录并将其扩展到未来。这个时间序列是对气候建模研究的重要输入，需要考虑这些气溶胶颗粒的冷却效应。我们还将研究反应性氮的卫星测量，该氮在平流层大气化学中起着重要作用，以了解与气候变化有关的长期演化和趋势。利用我们通过研究卫星测量获得的知识，我们正在为未来的卫星任务开发新的原型仪器，以测量气溶胶和水蒸气。我们最近在平流层气球和高空飞机上测试了这些工具，并计划了针对气溶胶，大气运输和结构科学观察的未来运动。该建议为我们提供了继续对这些测量结果进行测试和科学分析的支持。该项目的一个重要影响将大大提高加拿大太空技术的准备水平，并有可能在大气科学方面取得关键的进步，并进步如何最好地利用和理解大气的新测量。最后，我们计划改善从未来的地静止空气质量卫星任务中获得的数据质量。分析这些测量值的标准方法对于从地球静止轨道上查看加拿大所需的钢角并不理想。此外，雪和冰盖通常会影响加拿大关键地点（例如油砂），这是一项挑战，可能会影响检索到的数据质量。在这项工作中，我们建议通过为加拿大测量的定制检索算法开发自定义的检索算法来提高这种数据质量，并专门调整以处理钢的角度和雪地条件。