Impacts of multiple interacting stressors on the environment: Investigating the fate, transport, and dynamic relationships between contaminant and nutrient cycles

多种相互作用的压力源对环境的影响：调查污染物和营养循环之间的命运、运输和动态关系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06017
• 负责人: Mundle, Scott
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=755165
• 关键词: Impacts; multiple; interacting; stressors; environment

Water quality issues that lead to freshwater eutrophication are a rapidly intensifying global concern and the recent increase in eutrophic conditions in the Great Lakes has gained international attention. Elemental cycles, carbon regimes and metabolic processes are changing and we have little insight into the long-term effect these changes will have on large lake systems. The Great Lakes account for over 85% of North America's freshwater supply and have had a history of water quality problems that peaked in the early 1970's with cultural eutrophication in Lake Erie. Phosphate inputs were identified as a critical factor causing eutrophication that stimulated changes in environmental policies that led to a decline in eutrophication through to the 1990's. However, recent rises in cyanobacteria blooms provide evidence for the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie. Despite many coordinated efforts that attempt to link eutrophication to phosphorus dynamics, it is becoming clear that the magnitude and complexity of this issue has moved beyond a simple phosphate-limited mechanism.Currently, progress has been made to improve our understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants (methane, hydrocarbons, industrial solvents and wastewater), natural organic matter (NOM), and nutrients (nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates); however, interpretations are often constrained by static' geochemical snapshots that limit unifying the dynamic relationships between individual chemical species and their changing behavior over time. Knowledge gaps exist connecting the historical deposition of nutrients, the recycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus in soil and sediments, and their relationship to cyanobacterial biomass development across temporal and spatial scales. This research will use geochemical approaches (compositional and isotopic) to improve our understanding of the dynamic relationships between the fundamental processes that control the availability of C/N/S/P from terrestrial and aquatic sources (biotic and abiotic), and the adaptive metabolic responses that promote cyanobacteria growth in different environmental conditions. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the fate and transport of C/N/S/P from point and non-point source emitters through to their final point of deposition (or metabolic uptake) will expose the causal links that drive primary production at each stage of the system and provide strategic targets to control eutrophication. A comprehensive understanding of the key chemical and environmental factors that influence the measurement, monitoring, and identification of pollution sources responsible for water quality issues will lead to better policy decisions and long-term protection of our freshwater resources.

导致淡水富营养化的水质问题正在迅速加剧的全球关注，最近五大湖富营养化状况的加剧引起了国际社会的关注。元素循环、碳状态和代谢过程正在发生变化，我们对这些变化对大型湖泊系统产生的长期影响知之甚少。五大湖占北美淡水供应量的 85% 以上，历史上一直存在水质问题，并在 1970 年代初伊利湖文化富营养化中达到顶峰。磷酸盐输入被认为是导致富营养化的关键因素，刺激了环境政策的变化，导致富营养化直至 1990 年代有所下降。 然而，最近蓝藻水华的增加为伊利湖的再富营养化提供了证据。 尽管许多协调一致的努力试图将富营养化与磷动态联系起来，但越来越明显的是，这个问题的严重性和复杂性已经超出了简单的磷酸盐限制机制。目前，我们在提高对富营养化的归宿和运输的理解方面已经取得了进展。污染物（甲烷、碳氢化合物、工业溶剂和废水）、天然有机物（NOM）和营养物（硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硫酸盐）；然而，解释常常受到静态地球化学快照的限制，这些快照限制了单个化学物种之间的动态关系及其随时间变化的行为。在营养物质的历史沉积、土壤和沉积物中碳、氮、硫和磷的循环利用以及它们与跨时间和空间尺度的蓝藻生物量发展的关系之间存在知识差距。 这项研究将使用地球化学方法（成分和同位素）来提高我们对控制陆地和水生来源（生物和非生物）C/N/S/P 可用性的基本过程与适应性代谢之间动态关系的理解。促进蓝藻在不同环境条件下生长的反应。了解 C/N/S/P 从点源和非点源排放者到最终沉积点（或代谢吸收）的命运和运输的根本机制，将揭示驱动初级生产的因果关系。系统的每个阶段并提供控制富营养化的战略目标。 全面了解影响测量、监测和识别造成水质问题的污染源的关键化学和环境因素，将有助于做出更好的政策决策并长期保护我们的淡水资源。