Impacts of multiple interacting stressors on the environment: Investigating the fate, transport, and dynamic relationships between contaminant and nutrient cycles

多种相互作用的压力源对环境的影响：调查污染物和营养循环之间的命运、运输和动态关系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06017
• 负责人: Mundle, Scott
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=660421
• 关键词: Impacts; multiple; interacting; stressors; environment

Water quality issues that lead to freshwater eutrophication are a rapidly intensifying global concern and the recent increase in eutrophic conditions in the Great Lakes has gained international attention. Elemental cycles, carbon regimes and metabolic processes are changing and we have little insight into the long-term effect these changes will have on large lake systems. The Great Lakes account for over 85% of North America's freshwater supply and have had a history of water quality problems that peaked in the early 1970's with cultural eutrophication in Lake Erie. Phosphate inputs were identified as a critical factor causing eutrophication that stimulated changes in environmental policies that led to a decline in eutrophication through to the 1990's. However, recent rises in cyanobacteria blooms provide evidence for the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie. Despite many coordinated efforts that attempt to link eutrophication to phosphorus dynamics, it is becoming clear that the magnitude and complexity of this issue has moved beyond a simple phosphate-limited mechanism.***Currently, progress has been made to improve our understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants (methane, hydrocarbons, industrial solvents and wastewater), natural organic matter (NOM), and nutrients (nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates); however, interpretations are often constrained by ‘static' geochemical snapshots that limit unifying the dynamic relationships between individual chemical species and their changing behavior over time. Knowledge gaps exist connecting the historical deposition of nutrients, the recycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus in soil and sediments, and their relationship to cyanobacterial biomass development across temporal and spatial scales. This research will use geochemical approaches (compositional and isotopic) to improve our understanding of the dynamic relationships between the fundamental processes that control the availability of C/N/S/P from terrestrial and aquatic sources (biotic and abiotic), and the adaptive metabolic responses that promote cyanobacteria growth in different environmental conditions. ***An understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the fate and transport of C/N/S/P from point and non-point source emitters through to their final point of deposition (or metabolic uptake) will expose the causal links that drive primary production at each stage of the system and provide strategic targets to control eutrophication. A comprehensive understanding of the key chemical and environmental factors that influence the measurement, monitoring, and identification of pollution sources responsible for water quality issues will lead to better policy decisions and long-term protection of our freshwater resources.

导致淡水富营养化的水质问题是一个迅速加剧的全球关注点，而大湖区最近的富营营养状况的增加引起了国际关注。元素周期，碳制度和代谢过程正在发生变化，我们对这些变化对大型湖泊系统的长期影响几乎没有深入的了解。大湖区占北美淡水供应的85％以上，并且有水质问题的历史，在1970年代初期，伊利湖的文化富营养化达到了峰值。磷酸盐的输入被确定为导致富营养化的关键因素，刺激了环境政策的变化，导致富营养化的下降到1990年代。然而，最近的蓝细菌血液升高为伊利湖重新养成养殖提供了证据。尽管有许多协调的努力试图将富营养化与磷动态联系起来，但越来越明显的是，这个问题的大小和复杂性已经超越了一种简单的磷酸盐限制机制。和硫酸盐）；但是，解释通常受到“静态”地球化学快照的限制，这些快照限制了单个化学物种与其随着时间的变化行为之间的动态关系。存在知识差距，将养分的历史沉积，土壤和沉积物中的碳，氮，硫和磷的回收以及它们与临时和空间尺度上的蓝细菌生物量发育的关系。这项研究将使用地球化学方法（组成和同位素）来提高我们对控制陆地和水生源（生物和非生物源）的C/N/S/P的基本过程之间的动态关系，以及在不同环境条件下促进氧化甲虫生长的适应性代谢反应。 ***了解负责C/N/S/P从点和非点源发射器到其最后沉积的最后点（或代谢摄取）的命运和运输的理解将暴露于在系统每个阶段推动主要生产的因果关系，并提供策略性目标来控制富营养化。对影响水质问题的污染源的测量，监测和识别的关键化学和环境因素的全面理解将导致更好的政策决策和对我们淡水资源的长期保护。