Investigating the influence of climate-induced landscape changes on water and carbon balances in permafrost landscapes

研究气候引起的景观变化对永久冻土景观水和碳平衡的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04286
• 负责人: Turner, Kevin
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=754832
• 关键词: Investigating; influence; climate; induced; landscape

The proposed research addresses the urgent need to identify and map the implications of climate-induced landscape changes on water and carbon balances in an ecologically and culturally significant lake-rich landscape in northern Canada. Old Crow Flats (OCF), YK is one of many lake-rich permafrost landscapes that are prominent across northern regions. These landscapes are ecological hotspots and provide important resources for northern communities. There is widespread evidence that these areas are highly sensitive to changing climate conditions. In particular, the 14,500-square-kilometre OCF basin has experienced drastically changing water levels, and shrub proliferation during recent decades. Potential impacts on wildlife have raised concerns about local food security. Furthermore, it is likely that warming ground temperatures is accelerating existing thaw slumps along the Old Crow River, as experienced elsewhere in northwestern Canada. However, it is unclear how the water and carbon balance of northern lake-rich landscapes are responding to land cover changes and disturbance. My research program will build on my previous work in OCF and provide training for nine HQP in pursuit of identifying these relations and refine predictions of how this important landscape will respond to future climate change. Integrating leading-edge research approaches to elucidate how water balance and carbon export responds under varying states of landscape change is of particular interest during this next five-year phase of research. Initially, locations and rates of shrub proliferation in OCF will be identified using spaceborne remote sensing, and bolstered by use of unmanned aviation systems (UAS) and dendrochronological techniques. Surface and sub-surface water and carbon balances will be derived using analyses of flow measurements and water chemical and isotopic properties measured at multiple scales (lake-specific and sub-catchment) and landscape features (creeks, lakes, fens, watertracks). River water chemistry measurements upstream and downstream of slump locations will be coupled with UAS-derived digital surface models of slumps to evaluate water quality and carbon export responses. Paleolimnological analyses will provide additional long-term context of how hydroecological conditions have responded to past climate and landscape modifications. Research outcomes will include refined knowledge of how water and carbon balances respond to climate-driven landscape changes and the basis to predict how these important lake-rich environments will respond to future conditions. This knowledge will be valuable for informing land management strategies and enhancing the capability of northern community adaptation as climate change continues.

拟议的研究涉及迫切需要，在加拿大北部的生态和文化上富裕的湖泊充满湖泊景观中，在气候引起的景观变化对水和碳平衡的含义。 YK是旧乌鸦平地（OCF），是北部地区突出的许多湖泊多年冻土景观之一。这些景观是生态热点，为北部社区提供重要资源。有广泛的证据表明，这些地区对不断变化的气候条件高度敏感。特别是，在近几十年来，14,500平方公里的OCF盆地经历了急剧变化的水位和灌木的增殖。对野生动植物的潜在影响引起了人们对当地粮食安全的关注。此外，正如加拿大西北部其他地方所经历的那样，变暖的地面温度可能正在加速沿着老乌鸦河的现有融化低迷。但是，尚不清楚北部湖泊丰富的景观的水和碳平衡如何应对土地覆盖的变化和干扰。我的研究计划将以我以前在OCF的工作为基础，并为确定这些关系的九个HQP提供培训，并完善对这一重要格局将如何应对未来气候变化的预测。在下一个五年的研究阶段，在不同状态下，整合水平和碳出口如何响应的水平和碳出口如何响应是如何阐明水平和碳出口的响应方式。最初，将使用SpaceBorne遥感来鉴定OCF中灌木增殖的位置和速率，并通过使用无人航空系统（UAS）和DendroCenologalical Techniques来支持。表面和地下水平和碳平衡将使用流量测量值，水化学和同位素特性的分析来得出，这些分析在多个尺度（湖泊特异性和亚捕获）以及景观特征（小溪，湖泊，湖泊，羊毛，养老院，滨海）中测量。河水化学测量值在底层地点的上游和下游，将与UAS衍生的底层数字表面模型结合使用，以评估水质和碳出口响应。古学分析将提供更多的长期背景，说明水力生态状况如何应对过去的气候和景观改变。研究成果将包括有关水和碳平衡如何应对气候驱动的景观变化以及预测这些重要湖泊富裕环境将如何响应未来条件的基础的知识。随着气候变化的继续，这些知识对于为土地管理策略提供信息和增强北部社区适应能力的能力将是有价值的。