Reshaping the urban water management paradigm: towards a new decision-support framework for the sustainable design of hybrid systems

重塑城市水管理范式：建立混合系统可持续设计的新决策支持框架

• 批准号: 571422-2021
• 负责人: Bichai, FrançoiseF
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=754620
• 关键词: Reshaping; urban; water; management; paradigm

Large centralized systems, providing universal coverage and taking advantage of economies of scale, have dominated municipal water services worldwide for decades. Most cities in Canada rely on a single water source, and Montreal's 88-m3/s wastewater treatment facility, with probably the highest maximal flowrate capacity in the world, exemplifies this paradigm very well. Yet today, many municipal wastewater systems operate at maximum capacity or beyond, limiting urban development and causing adverse environmental impacts. To avoid large system expansion costs, fully decentralized wastewater systems (like septic tanks) are increasingly proposed to serve new urban developments, causing potentially disastrous long-term environmental and public health impacts due to inadequate operating conditions. Between both extremes, small and medium scale 'satellite' wastewater systems can be incorporated into large urban schemes. In fact, to support strategic planning of urban water systems (UWS), the centralized versus fully decentralized paradigm needs to be revisited with novel alternative, multiscale UWS options, and new analytical approaches and tools are needed to guide decision making in designing future sustainable and resilient cities. This study examines the technical, economic, environmental, and social potential of new 'hybrid' configurations of UWS, i.e., that operate at a mix of scales. To this end, a mixed methodology of future scenario analysis, system modelling and integrated assessment tools will be developed. An analysis of existing UWS across the provinces of Québec and Ontario will be performed to identify urbanisation patterns that affect UWS's efficiency in terms of (i) cost-effectiveness in delivering water services and economies of scale; (ii) environmental impacts from wastewater effluents and combined sewer overflows; and (iii) maximal social and public health benefits from different uses and exposure to improved water quality (O1). In a case study city located in Southern Quebec, stakeholder and community preferences for future UWS will be assessed according to the three dimensions of sustainability, forming the basis for a scenario analysis that informs UWS development (O2). New hybrid configurations to meet future system capacity needs in the case study city will be modelled using wastewater treatment and sewage system modelling tools (O3) and will be compared with traditional options in terms of sustainability using a new spatial multicriteria decision analysis framework that will be developed and integrated into a spatial planning tool (O4). This highly interdisciplinary approach will enhance scientifically robust, innovative spatial planning of UWS that has the potential to overcome technology lock-in and path-dependency. Proposing such a new UWS planning paradigm is innovative, field evaluations of such a management model have not yet been implemented at city scale and stakeholder engagement is challenging; yet, the expected social, environmental and economic benefits are huge.

数十年来，大型的集中式系统，提供普遍的覆盖范围并利用规模经济，在全球范围内占据了市政水服务。加拿大的大多数城市都依靠单一的水源，蒙特利尔的88-m3/s废水处理设施可能是世界上最高流量量的最高水平，很好地说明了这一范式。然而，如今，许多市政废水系统以最大能力或更高的范围运行，从而限制了城市发展并造成不利的环境影响。为了避免大量的系统扩展成本，越来越多地提议完全分散的废水系统（例如化粪池）为新的城市发展服务，从而导致可能造成灾难性的长期环境和公共卫生影响，从而导致工作条件不足。在两个极端之间，中小型“卫星”废水系统都可以纳入大型城市计划中。实际上，为了支持城市供水系统（UWS）的战略规划，需要通过新颖的替代性，多尺度UWS选项来重新审视集中式和完全分散的范式，并且需要新的分析方法和工具来指导决策，以设计未来的可持续可持续性和弹性城市。这项研究研究了UWS新的“混合”配置的技术，经济，环境和社会潜力，即以尺度混合使用。为此，将开发一种未来方案分析，系统建模和集成评估工具的混合方法。将对魁北克省和安大略省的现有UW进行分析，以识别（i）（i）在提供水服务和规模经济方面影响UWS效率的城市化模式； （ii）废水效应和下水道溢出产生的环境影响； （iii）最大的社会和公共卫生受益于不同用途和改善水质（O1）的利益。在位于魁北克南部的案例研究城市中，将根据可持续性的三个维度评估利益相关者和对未来UWS的社区偏好，这为为UWS开发（O2）提供了方案分析的基础。新的混合配置将使用废水处理和污水处理系统建模工具（O3）对案例研究城市中的未来系统容量需求进行建模，并将使用新的空间多标准决策分析框架与传统选择进行比较，该框架将被开发并集成到空间规划工具（O4）。这种高度的跨学科方法将增强对UWS的科学强大的创新空间规划，从而有可能克服技术锁定和路径依赖性。提出这种新的UWS规划范式是创新的，对这种管理模型的现场评估尚未在城市规模上实施，利益相关者的参与是挑战。然而，预期的社会，环境和经济利益是巨大的。