Polymers for realizing energetic materials with tailored performance

用于实现具有定制性能的含能材料的聚合物

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06446
• 负责人: Dubois, Charles
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753735
• 关键词: Polymers; realizing; energetic; materials; tailored

The last two decades have seen energy storage and release, security issues and access to space emerged as key technological areas of western economies. Polymer based materials, such as plastics and composites, have an important role to play in these novel technologies. Energetic polymers are defined as polymers that produce a significant amount of energy in a short decomposition time, often owing to the presence of azide and nitro groups on their backbone. When mixed with oxidizers and solid fuels such as metal particles, they find use as binders or core components in solid propellants, explosives formulations, and gas generator compositions such as automotive airbags or other explosive actuated safety devices. This research is aimed at developing innovative processes and materials allowing for an increased use of polymers in the field of energetic materials. More specifically, my final objective will be to obtain novel polymer based energetic materials that can be safely processed and used with minimal environmental footprint, employing biodegradable prepolymers whenever possible. Novel fabrication techniques must also be sought to fully exploit the benefits of new energetic binders. Among them, additive manufacturing (AM) offers an entirely new range of possibilities in terms of part designs and controlled energy release. AM technology will soon allow smarter energetic material driven systems with tailored performance. While AM of plastic materials is now well established, its equivalent in the field of energetic materials remains a technology at its early stage of development. Thermoplastic materials are generally easier to recycle. Most plastics products are designed to meet specific mechanical properties. Energetic polymers-based plastics and elastomers must, in addition, also reach satisfactorily combustion properties. These two criteria have so far been almost impossible to obtain in a single thermoplastic product, as the chemical composition that enhances the burning rate, such as the presence of nitro groups, is often detrimental to mechanical properties due to a reduced cristallinity. Thermoplasticity is required for some AM feedstocks. In order to enhance this characteristic in energetic polymers efforts will be deployed on two fronts: 1) the chemical modification of existing energetic polymers and 2) the synthesis of new energetic polymers to enlarge the set of possible blends to investigate. A special attention will be given to polytetrazoles and polytriazoles that we have recently started to develop. This innovative research program is an answer to contemporary challenges faced by the energetic materials industry. AM will bring reduced manufacturing footprint, on-demand fabrication and rapid prototyping of energetic components such as smart, safer and recyclable airbags, hypervelocity propulsion systems or advanced thrusters for micro-satellites.

在过去的二十年中，已经看到了能源储存和释放，安全问题以及进入空间的通道，成为西方经济体的关键技术领域。基于聚合物的材料（例如塑料和复合材料）在这些新技术中起着重要作用。能量聚合物被定义为聚合物，在短时间分解时间内产生大量能量，通常是由于其骨架上存在叠氮化物和硝基基团。当与氧化剂和固体燃料（例如金属颗粒）混合时，它们可以在固体推进剂，炸药配方中用作粘合剂或核心成分，以及气体发生器组成，例如汽车安全气囊或其他爆炸性驱动的安全设备。 这项研究旨在开发创新的过程和材料，允许在能量材料领域增加聚合物的使用。更具体地说，我的最终目标是获取新型聚合物的能量材料，这些材料可以安全地处理和与最小的环境足迹一起使用，并在可能的情况下采用可生物降解的前聚合物。还必须寻求新颖的制造技术，以充分利用新的能量粘合剂的好处。其中，添加剂制造（AM）在零件设计和受控能源释放方面提供了全新的可能性。 AM技术很快将允许具有量身定制性能的更智能的材料驱动系统。尽管现在已经建立了塑料材料的AM，但在发育的早期阶段，其在能量材料领域仍然是一种技术。 热塑性材料通常更容易回收。大多数塑料产品旨在满足特定的机械性能。此外，基于能量聚合物的塑料和弹性体也必须达到令人满意的燃烧特性。到目前为止，这两个标准在单个热塑性产物中几乎是不可能获得的，因为增强燃烧速率的化学成分，例如硝基群的存在，通常由于降低的旋转度而对机械性能有害。某些AM原料需要热塑性。为了增强这种能量聚合物努力的特征，将部署在两个方面：1）现有能量聚合物的化学修饰和2）合成新的能量聚合物，以扩大了一组可能的调查混合物。将特别注意我们最近开始开发的聚四唑和聚唑。 这项创新的研究计划是对充满活力的材料行业面临的当代挑战的答案。 AM将带来减少的制造占地面积，按需制造和快速原型制作，例如智能，更安全和可回收安全气囊，超速推进系统或用于微型tellites的高级推进器。