Optical & physical properties of flowers & stems: UV to IR & surface texture adaptations for little-known thermal relations in plant growth and reproduction

光学的

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2018-04820
负责人：
Kevan, Peter
金额：
$ 2.4万
依托单位：
University of Guelph
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753362
关键词：
Optical physical properties flowers stems

项目摘要

Biophysical and optical properties contribute to functionality of flowers and herbaceous stems in pollination, pollinator attraction, interior microclimate for development, growth, maturation and sexual reproduction. The proposed interdisciplinary research, embraces functional plant morphology at organismic, tissue and cellular levels. That, coupled with micrometeorology, optical biophysics from UV to IR, and thermometry through standard instrumentation, constitutes a new, interdisciplinary approach in botany with ramifications in co-evolutionary ecology. Floral features embody plant-pollinator co-adaptations. Macro- and microscopic features work via sensory (visual, chemical and tactile) perception by pollinators. Colours are often coupled to scent and epidermal microtextural features. Together they provide mirror-like (specular) to matte (diffused) reflections and perhaps iridescence and fluorescence. Pigments in epidermal or mesophyllic tissues, in organelles (plastids) or in protoplasmic solution, variously influence effectiveness in coloration (Kubelk-Munk models). Further, many flowers warm by insolation that aids growth and maturation and, as used by flower-basking pollinators. Best known are diaheliotropic (sun-tracking) bowl-shaped flowers as reflective solar furnaces. Less understood are microthermic regimes in enclosed and pubescent blossoms. Presumably insolation penetrates translucent structures, heats interior structures which re-radiate IR that becomes trapped, a microgreenhouse. Thermal/optical biophysics of hollow herbaceous stems acting as microgreenhouses constitutes similarly novel research. Preliminary data (2017) indicate that hollowness is common (2/3 of ca. 120 herb species sampled) and such stems (5 species tested) become heated by 5-6 C above ambient. The proposed research on the thermal/optical biophysics of flowers and stems will examine, through observation and experimentation, the incidence and extent of microthermic environments (measured by small temperature sensors and IR thermal imaging) within plant structures and their influences on growth, maturation and reproductive output under natural and controlled conditions. Biophysical mechanisms will be examined in selected plants through microscopy and histology combined with (UV-visible-near IR reflectance/absorbance spectrophotometry (to include transparency, translucence, fluorescence etc.), emissivity, thermal conductivity. Quantification of those characteristics in different plants and plant structures will allow for comparative assessments of colorimetric, structural, anatomical, and thermal properties of plant tissues associated with the adaptive significance of plants' differential, and presumably varying, usages of natural radiant energy in various habitats and at different times of day and year.

生物物理和光学特性促进了授粉，授粉媒介吸引力，内部微气候发育，生长，成熟和有性繁殖的花朵和草本茎的功能。拟议的跨学科研究涵盖了有机，组织和细胞水平的功能性植物形态。再加上从紫外线到IR的光学气象学，光学生物物理学以及通过标准仪器进行热度学，构成了植物学中的一种新的，跨学科的方法，并在共同进化生态学中产生后果。花卉特征体现了植物 - 授粉共同适应。宏观和微观特征通过传粉媒介的感觉（视觉，化学和触觉）感知起作用。颜色通常与气味和表皮微纹理特征耦合。它们一起提供了镜像（镜面）到哑光（扩散）反射，也许是虹彩和荧光。表皮或叶状化组织中的颜料，细胞器（质体）或原生质溶液中的颜料，会影响着色（kubelk-munk模型）的有效性。此外，许多花通过未受生长和成熟的人而温暖的花朵，并由花朵掩盖传粉媒介使用。最著名的是焦糖（阳光跟踪）碗形的花朵作为反射太阳炉。不太了解的是封闭和青春期开花中的微温方案。据推测，日光沉积会穿透半透明的结构，加热内部结构，这些内部结构重新构造了被捕获的IR，一个微绿屋。空心草本茎的热/光学生物物理学作用是微胶质的，构成了类似的新研究。初步数据（2017年）表明，空心是常见的（2/3的120种草药物种），这种茎（已测试的5种）在周围的5-6 C上加热。关于花和茎的热/光学生物物理学的拟议研究将通过观察和实验检查植物结构内的微热环境的发生和程度（通过小温度传感器和IR热成像测量）及其对自然和受控条件下的生长，成熟和生殖产量的影响。将通过显微镜和组织学在选定的植物中检查生物物理机制，并结合（紫外可见的红外反射率/吸光度分光光度计（包括透明度，透明度，荧光，荧光等），发射率，热导率，导热率。在不同的工厂和工厂结构中的特性，可以及时构成颜色的质量和颜色的质量，结构及其质量，结构，结构性，构造，结构性，构造，象征性的，构造，植物结构，构成，构造，植物的结构，构成，质量，构建，象征性的，构造的特性。植物在各种栖息地和日期的不同时间中，植物差异（大概有所不同）的适应性意义。