Radio Wave Scattering from Rough Surfaces -- Theory and Application to Maritime Remote Sensing with HF and other Radar Technologies

粗糙表面的无线电波散射——高频和其他雷达技术海上遥感的理论与应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05003
• 负责人: Gill, Eric
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=752784
• 关键词: Radio; Wave; Scattering; Rough; Surfaces

For almost 50 years, radars of various kinds have become important in novel ocean remote sensing applications. The applicant's research team members have been leaders in investigating high frequency surface wave radars (HFSWRs) (wavelengths of 10 to 100 metres (m)), and, more recently, X-band nautical radars (of 4 to 10 centimetre wavelengths).   In addition, radars operating in the upper very high frequency (VHF) (1-m waves) to lower ultrahigh frequency (UHF) (1.6-m waves) bands have been used to study the properties of sea ice. Very recently, the team has begun to include satellite and airborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR), with typical operating wavelengths around 24, 6 and 3 centimetres (L-, C- and X-band), in their arsenal of remote sensing instrumentation for measuring sea state, weather conditions, and ground cover and wetlands properties. HFSWR resolution is much lower than that of the higher-frequency radars, but HFSWR signals can be used to detect ocean conditions and objects such as ships, ice and icebergs, and low-flying aircraft, on and near the surface, well beyond the line-of-sight horizon. Under the proposed research program enhancements to fundamental electromagnetic scattering theory and algorithms will lead to the ability to extract maritime target and environmental information (eg., wave heights, surface currents, wind velocities), from the radar signals when sea states are very high.  Better characterization of ionospheric signal contamination and improved HFSWR operation from ocean platforms will also ensue. The results will be important to oceanographers and search and rescue operators, and will enhance safety in commercial ventures such as the offshore oil and gas industry. The lower-resolution of HFSWR will be augmented by improved image processing techniques for the much-higher-resolution, howbeit line-of-site, X-band radars.  Algorithm development involving deep learning for SAR applications will also enhance the overall capacity for observation of wetlands and coastal waters. In addition to the above initiatives, investigations will continue on using VHF-UHF frequencies to determine the properties of sea ice and ice ridges, an increasingly important topic as commercial and territorial interests become focused on the Canadian Arctic. NSERC has been crucial in supporting Canada as a world leader in both theoretical and applied aspects of radar remote sensing, while leading to the export of the technology internationally. The proposed work will continue to attract scientific, commercial and maritime security interests. Perhaps most-importantly, the essential analytical, computing and critical thinking skills developed by the training of highly qualified personnel under the proposed program will be vital in bolstering Canada's capacity, not only in maritime applications, but also in many industrial settings (eg. the automotive and natural resource sectors), where such skills are becoming increasingly important.

近50年来，各种雷达在新型的海洋遥感应用中变得很重要。该应用程序的研究小组成员一直是研究高频表面波雷达（HFSWRS）（波长为10至100米（M））的领导者，最近，X波段航海雷达（4至10秒钟波长）。此外，在高频率（VHF）（1-M波）上以较低的超频率（UHF）（UHF）（1.6-m波）带进行了雷达来研究海冰的性质。最近，该团队已开始包括卫星和空气中的合成孔径雷达（SAR），其典型的操作波长约为24、6和3厘米（L-，C-和X波段），用于测量遥感仪器的武器库，用于测量海上状态，天气状况以及地面覆盖物以及湿地。 HFSWR分辨率远低于高频雷达的分辨率，但HFSWR信号可用于检测海洋条件和物体，例如船舶，冰和冰山，以及在地面上和近距离远远超出远远视线范围的地面上的低空飞机。在提出的研究计划下，对基本电子散射理论和算法的增强能力将导致从雷达信号中提取海上目标和环境信息的能力（例如，波高，波高，表面电流，风速），当海态很高时。还需要更好地表征电离层信号污染和改善海洋平台的HFSWR操作。结果对海洋分析师和搜救运营商很重要，并将提高商业企业的安全性，例如海上石油和天然气行业。 HFSWR的较低分辨率将通过改进的图像处理技术增强，以实现更高的分辨率（How Bebeit bebeit bebeit of Site site，X频段）雷达。算法开发涉及SAR应用深度学习，还将增强观察湿地和沿海水域的总体能力。除上述计划外，还将继续使用VHF-UHF频率来确定海冰和冰脊的性质，这是一个越来越重要的话题，因为商业和领土兴趣集中在加拿大北极。 NSERC对于支持加拿大作为雷达遥感的理论和应用方面的世界领导者至关重要，同时导致国际技术的出口。拟议的工作将继续吸引科学，商业和海上安全利益。也许是最重要的是，根据拟议计划的培训高素质人员的培训所开发的基本分析，计算和批判性思维能力，不仅在海上应用程序中，而且在许多工业环境中也将至关重要（例如，自动动力和自然资源领域），在这种情况下，这种技能变得越来越重要。