Radio Wave Scattering from Rough Surfaces -- Theory and Application to Ocean Remote Sensing with HF and Marine Radar

粗糙表面的无线电波散射——高频和海洋雷达海洋遥感的理论与应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05289
• 负责人: Gill, Eric
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613461
• 关键词: Radio; Wave; Scattering; Rough; Surfaces

Over the last 40 years, radars of various kinds have become important in novel ocean remote sensing applications. In this context, high frequency surface wave radars (HFSWRs), operating in the 3 to 30 MHz frequency band (wavelengths of 10 to 100 metres), have been successfully employed, and, more recently, X-band nautical radars, ranging in frequency from about 8 to 12 GHz (wavelengths of about 4 to 10 centimetres), have been similarly used. For HF signals, the ocean surface acts as a good conductor, and the transmitted radiation travels well beyond the line-of-sight horizon, scattering from ocean waves and objects, such as ships, ice and icebergs, and low-flying aircraft, on and near the surface. Since the early 1980s, Memorial University (MUN) researchers, supported by NSERC, the offshore oil industry and various government agencies, have been addressing the challenges associated with modelling this many-faceted scattering process. The continued development of these models is critical to enhancing techniques used to extract information, such as waveheights, surface currents and target velocities, from the received signals. Since 2000, the radar team continues to extend its analysis from the monostatic case (co-location of transmitter and receiver), to include the bistatic mode, in which the radar transmitters and receivers may be widely separated. Also, ongoing work, involving mounting the radar antennas on moving platforms and the examination of ionospheric signal contamination, has the potential of increasing coverage at a reduced cost while improving the robustness of extraction algorithms. Currently, the HFSWR research is being augmented by the development of improved techniques for measuring ocean surface currents, winds and waves with X-band radar. At X-band, the surface wave component is not significant and the radar range is essentially limited to line-of-site. However, the data provided is of a much higher resolution than at HF and may be used to provide fine-scale features (on the order of square metres) of the ocean surface in regions where HF systems typically provide averages over several square kilometres. In the case, of HFSWR, due to support from NSERC and other interested parties, Canada has become a world leader in both theoretical and applied aspects of radar remote sensing. Over the last three decades, the MUN work has added significantly to the body of knowledge in this field, while leading to the export of the technology internationally. In collaboration with government, industry and the scientific community, there is very good potential to extend the remote sensing capabilities of these systems as well as to support the newer initiatives involving marine radar. It is expected that the work undertaken under the umbrella of this proposal will continue to attract interest from the scientific and industrial communities as well as those involved in maritime security.

在过去的40年中，各种雷达在新型的海洋遥感应用中变得很重要。在这种情况下，在3至30 MHz频带中运行的高频表面波雷（HFSWR）已成功使用，并且最近已成功使用了X波段航海雷达，频率约为8至12 GHz（大约4至10厘米的波长）。 对于HF信号，海面充当良好的导体，而传播的辐射则远远超出了视线范围的地平线，从海浪和物体（例如船只，冰和冰山）和低空飞机，在表面上和附近的飞机散射。自1980年代初以来，纪念大学（MUN）的研究人员在NSERC，离岸石油行业和各种政府机构的支持下一直在解决与建模这一多面散射过程相关的挑战。这些模型的持续开发对于增强用于从接收信号中提取信息的技术，例如波高光，表面电流和目标速度至关重要。 自2000年以来，雷达团队继续将其分析从单静止案例（发射器和接收器的共同位置）扩展到包括Bistatic模式，其中雷达发射器和接收器可能会被广泛分开。同样，正在进行的工作，涉及在移动平台上安装雷达天线并检查电离层信号污染，具有以降低的成本增加覆盖范围的，同时提高提取算法的鲁棒性。 目前，通过改进的技术，用X波段雷达测量海面电流，风和波浪的技术，HFSWR研究正在增强。在X波段，表面波分量不显着，雷达范围基本上仅限于现场。但是，所提供的数据的分辨率比HF的分辨率要高得多，并且可以用于在HF系统通常在几平方公里上提供平均值的海洋表面上的高规模特征（在平方米的平方米）中。 在这种情况下，由于NSERC和其他有关方面的支持，加拿大已成为雷达遥感的理论和应用方面的世界领导者。在过去的三十年中，MUN的工作大大增加了该领域的知识体系，同时导致了国际技术的出口。与政府，工业和科学界合作，扩展了这些系统的遥感能力以及支持涉及海洋雷达的较新计划的潜力。预计根据该提案的保护工作的工作将继续吸引科学和工业社区以及参与海上安全的兴趣。