Advanced Catalytic Systems for Environmental Applications

用于环境应用的先进催化系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03914
• 负责人: Hayes, Robert
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746869
• 关键词: Advanced; Catalytic; Systems; Environmental; Applications

Catalysis is ubiquitous in all aspects of daily life. Indeed, without catalysis, life on earth as we know it would not be possible, and the development of the catalyst that allowed the synthesis of ammonia is one of the great turning points in history. In recent times, we are plagued with many environmental problems, including global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In a drive to reduce GHG from the transportation sector, there has been a lot of focus on using natural gas as a fuel, which is currently abundant and cheap, and has the added advantage of producing few particulates. It produces the least amount of GHG per energy unit produced, compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. however, the natural gas engine, like all others, does not burn 100% of the fuel, and therefore significant amounts of methane can be present in the exhaust stream. If these are emitted to the atmosphere, much of the GHG benefit of using methane as a fuel would be lost. Since 2016 methane has been a controlled emission, and the only way to destroy it is through the use of a catalytic converter. Unfortunately, methane is the most difficult hydrocarbon to combust catalytically, and normally requires a high temperature. The best catalysts available are based around platinum and palladium, but these suffer from severe deactivation effects in the presence of water. The catalyst required also has significantly different attributes depending on whether or not there is an excess of oxygen (lean burn) or it is present in stoichiometric amounts. There is a desperate need for an effective catalyst for the exhaust gas after treatment from natural gas fueled vehicles. We have recently demonstrated improved catalysts for the lean burn engine operation, which may lead to improved commercial catalysts. However, these formulations will not be appropriate for stoichiometric operation, which seems to be the major trend for the automobile industry at present. The main objective of this project is the development of a stable methane oxidation catalyst that will function effectively, and for a sufficient length of time, to meet the requirements of a stoichiometric natural gas fueled engine. The primary objective is to develop a catalyst that is superior to the best catalysts currently available, regardless of precious metals loading, and the secondary objective is to develop catalysts with reduced amounts of precious metals to reduce the overall cost.

催化作用在日常生活的各个方面无处不在。事实上，如果没有催化，我们所知的地球上的生命就不可能存在，而合成氨的催化剂的发展是历史上伟大的转折点之一。近年来，我们受到许多环境问题的困扰，其中包括温室气体排放导致的全球变暖。为了减少交通运输部门的温室气体排放，人们非常关注使用天然气作为燃料，天然气目前储量丰富且价格低廉，并且具有产生很少颗粒物的额外优势。与其他碳氢燃料相比，它产生的每单位能源产生的温室气体最少。然而，与所有其他发动机一样，天然气发动机不会 100% 燃烧燃料，因此废气流中可能存在大量甲烷。如果这些物质排放到大气中，使用甲烷作为燃料所带来的大部分温室气体效益将会丧失。自 2016 年以来，甲烷排放一直受到控制，消除甲烷的唯一方法是使用催化转化器。不幸的是，甲烷是最难催化燃烧的碳氢化合物，通常需要高温。最好的催化剂是基于铂和钯的，但这些催化剂在水存在下会遭受严重的失活作用。所需的催化剂还具有显着不同的属性，具体取决于氧气是否过量（稀薄燃烧）或是否以化学计量存在。迫切需要一种有效的催化剂来处理天然气燃料车辆处理后的废气。我们最近展示了用于稀燃发动机运行的改进催化剂，这可能会导致商业催化剂的改进。然而，这些配方并不适合化学计量操作，而化学计量操作似乎是目前汽车工业的主要趋势。该项目的主要目标是开发一种稳定的甲烷氧化催化剂，该催化剂将在足够长的时间内有效发挥作用，以满足化学计量天然气燃料发动机的要求。主要目标是开发一种优于目前可用的最佳催化剂的催化剂，无论贵金属负载量如何，次要目标是开发贵金属含量减少的催化剂以降低总体成本。