Thermal conversion of biomass and municipal solid wastes: Understanding the effect of organic and inorganic components on process performance

生物质和城市固体废物的热转化：了解有机和无机成分对工艺性能的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04583
• 负责人: Gupta, Rajender
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746868
• 关键词: Thermal; conversion; biomass; municipal; solid

Municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills causes serious problems of GHG emissions. Canada produces one of the highest MSW per year (777kg per capita) requiring a proper management and/or large area for landfills. Other than MSW, the agricultural residues, and wastes from forest can add to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if not utilized. Therefore, thermal conversion of MSW to power or chemicals is a very promising option to avoid the landfill and mitigating GHG emissions. MSW is the most complex in nature, firstly, because it consists of food wastes, garden wastes, plastics, paper, wastes from construction and demolition - each having different characteristics and, secondly because inorganic matter in these components interact with each other causing slagging/fouling/ sintering problems. The operational issues very much depend on the technology to be used. The most common technology used is fluidized bed gasification. However, there are three main problem in fluidized bed gasification (800-1000C): elutriation of fine fuel particles causing lower efficiency, agglomeration and sintering of ash and bed material and tar formation. The advantage is the retention of alkalis and S in bed material and ash. However, at high temperature entrained flow gasifier (1200-1400C) can overcome the issue of tar and bed agglomeration. In this proposal, the methodology will be to study each major individual component of MSW including garden clipping, agricultural residues tyres etc. in fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and entrained flow reactor (EFR) for the following three aspects: i)The impact feed quality and operating conditions on conversion efficiency combustion or gasification ii)Operational issues related to the inorganic matter - fouling, slagging and ash deposition. The operational problems such as agglomeration, deposition, and corrosion problems. iii)Environmental performance issues - emission of fine particulate matter, trace and toxic elements. The investigations of this aspect are scarce in the available literature. The synergy in the processing of these blends of different components - MSW, will be investigated for these aspects in terms of pyrolysis, gasification and interaction of ash components in reducing tar formation, reducing slagging/ fouling and reducing emission of fine particulate matter end trace/toxic elements. The main objective of the research is to develop a methodology for a consistent evaluation of MSW gasification process high temperature gasification processes. The short term objective, is to understand the pyrolysis behavior of individual component and the thermal conversion of char under different conditions using thermogravimetric analysis, a bench scale fluidized bed (FBR) and drop tube furnace (EFR), The knowledge generated in this program will provide more efficient thermal conversion of MSW and different types of biomass wastes and mitigation of GHG emissions in Canada.

垃圾填埋场的城市固体废物（MSW）造成严重的温室气体排放问题。加拿大是每年产生城市固体废物最高的国家之一（人均 777 公斤），需要适当的管理和/或大面积的垃圾填埋场。除城市固体废弃物外，农业残留物和森林废物如果不加以利用也会增加温室气体 (GHG) 排放量。因此，将城市固体废物热转化为电力或化学品是避免垃圾填埋和减少温室气体排放的一个非常有前途的选择。 城市固体废物本质上是最复杂的，首先，因为它由食物垃圾、花园垃圾、塑料、纸张、建筑和拆除废物组成——每种垃圾都有不同的特性，其次因为这些成分中的无机物相互作用，导致结渣/结垢/烧结问题。 操作问题很大程度上取决于所使用的技术。最常用的技术是流化床气化。然而，流化床气化（800-1000℃）存在三个主要问题：细小燃料颗粒的淘析导致效率降低、灰分和床料的团聚和烧结以及焦油的形成。优点是保留床料和灰分中的碱和硫。然而，在高温气流床气化器（1200-1400C）下可以克服焦油和床结块的问题。 在本提案中，方法论将在流化床反应器（FBR）和气流床反应器（EFR）中研究城市固体废弃物的各个主要组成部分，包括花园修剪、农业剩余物轮胎等，主要包括以下三个方面：质量和操作条件对燃烧或气化转化效率的影响 ii) 与无机物质相关的操作问题 - 结垢、结渣和灰烬沉积。结块、沉积、腐蚀等操作问题。 iii)环境绩效问题——细颗粒物、微量元素和有毒元素的排放。现有文献中这方面的研究很少。 将在热解、气化和灰分组分相互作用方面研究这些不同组分混合物（城市固体废弃物）加工过程中的协同作用，以减少焦油形成、减少结渣/结垢和减少细颗粒物最终痕量/的排放。有毒元素。 该研究的主要目标是开发一种对城市固体废弃物气化过程高温气化过程进行一致评估的方法。短期目标是使用热重分析、小型流化床 (FBR) 和落管式炉 (EFR) 了解各个组分的热解行为以及不同条件下炭的热转化，该程序中生成的知识将提供更有效的城市固体废物和不同类型生物质废物的热转化，并减少加拿大的温室气体排放。