Phylogenetics, biogeography, and evolution of fishes

鱼类的系统发育学、生物地理学和进化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-05000
• 负责人: Lovejoy, Nathan
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=744900
• 关键词: Phylogenetics; biogeography; evolution; fishes

The overall goal of my research program is to investigate evolutionary patterns and processes of biodiversity in fishes. I use phylogenetic trees as powerful tools to understand taxonomy and species diversity, the effects of geography and paleogeography on distributions and diversity, macroevolutionary consequences of shifts between habitat types, and adaptive evolutionary change. In the work proposed here, my research group will use cutting-edge genomic analyses to investigate lineages that underwent evolutionary transitions from marine to freshwater habitats in both North and South America. In North America, we will reconstruct the evolutionary history of the deepwater/fourhorn sculpin complex, a lineage that occupies deep and cold aquatic habitats. The deepwater sculpin is distributed in the deepest freshwater lakes of Canada, from Lake Ontario to Great Bear Lake, and is called a glacial relict because it likely originated when glaciers pushed marine waters into continental areas. Its closest relative is the marine fourhorn sculpin, distributed across the Arctic. Several populations of the fourhorn sculpin appear to have invaded freshwater lakes of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, but their ancestry is unclear. To elucidate the relationships among these species and populations, we will collect data from sculpin genomes and infer lineage history. We will assess the role of glaciation in determining distributions and driving transitions between marine and freshwater habitats, and we will identify molecular changes associated with the invasion of freshwater. In South America, we will investigate American soles (Achiridae), a group of flatfishes that are mainly marine, but include freshwater species in the Amazon river, making them an excellent model system for studying the evolution of transitions between marine and freshwater habitats. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of achirids, we will build a phylogenetic tree based on sequences from >2000 genes. We will use the phylogeny to test how paleogeographic events drove habitat transitions and whether these transitions altered lineage and morphological diversification. We will also examine the evolution of genes involved in osmoregulation and visual adaptation to new environments. This research will illuminate the evolutionary causes and consequences of major habitat transitions. The work has implications for understanding community assembly, largescale patterns of species diversity, and how geographic events, including glaciation, sea level changes, and mountain building, affect biodiversity. Determining the genes associated with marine and freshwater habitats has relevance for aquaculture and fisheries biology. Understanding the evolutionary history and population structure of Canadian fishes is important for management and conservation. The ongoing effects of climate warming in the Arctic make understanding the biology of northern fishes and aquatic ecosystems a priority.

我的研究计划的总体目标是研究鱼类生物多样性的进化模式和过程。我使用系统发育树作为了解分类法和物种多样性的强大工具，地理和古地理对分布和多样性的影响，栖息地类型之间转移的宏观进化后果以及适应性进化变化。在此处提出的工作中，我的研究小组将使用尖端的基因组分析来研究北美和南美从海洋栖息地进行进化过渡的谱系。在北美，我们将重建深水/四爪索平综合体的进化史，该谱系占据了深水和冷的水生栖息地。从安大略湖到大熊湖，深水丝丁分布在加拿大最深的淡水湖泊中，被称为冰川遗物，因为它可能起源于冰川将海洋水推入大陆地区。它最接近的亲戚是分布在北极的海洋四角裁中。四角雕塑的几个人群似乎入侵了加拿大北极群岛的淡水湖，但他们的血统尚不清楚。为了阐明这些物种和人群之间的关系，我们将从sculpin基因组中收集数据并推断谱系历史。我们将评估冰川在确定海洋和淡水栖息地之间的分布和驱动过渡中的作用，我们将确定与淡水侵袭有关的分子变化。在南美，我们将研究一组主要是海洋的扁平鱼类鞋底（Achiridae），但包括亚马逊河中的淡水物种，使其成为研究海洋和淡水栖息地之间过渡的出色模型系统。为了重建ACHIRID的进化史，我们将根据> 2000基因的序列建立一个系统发育树。我们将使用系统发育来测试古地理事件如何推动栖息地过渡以及这些转变是否改变了谱系和形态学多样化。我们还将研究参与渗透压调节和视觉适应新环境的基因的演变。 这项研究将阐明主要栖息地过渡的进化原因和后果。这项工作对了解社区议会，物种多样性的大规模模式以及包括冰川，海平面变化和山区建筑在内的地理事件影响生物多样性有影响。确定与海洋和淡水栖息地相关的基因与水产养殖和渔业生物学相关。了解加拿大鱼类的进化史和人口结构对于管理和保护很重要。气候变暖在北极的持续影响使人们了解北方鱼类和水生生态系统的生物学成为优先事项。