Reducing aviation's impact on climate change - understanding effects of fuel and engine characteristics on formation of contrails

减少航空对气候变化的影响 - 了解燃料和发动机特性对凝结尾迹形成的影响

• 批准号: 570573-2021
• 负责人: Gulder, OmerOL
• 金额: $ 33.8万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743256
• 关键词: Reducing; aviation; impact; climate; change

Contributions to climate forcing (due to contrails and carbon dioxide) will be the main drivers that will shape the future of the aviation. Currently, there seems to be no viable prime mover that will replace the gas turbine as the preferred engine for the medium to long range commercial aircraft. It is most likely that for the foreseeable future these engines will be fueled by liquid hydrocarbons obtained from sustainable sources, i.e., sustainable aviation fuels. Contrail formation is a result of the soot aerosol in the engine exhaust acting as the nuclei to form ice particles. The current understanding is that the soot aerosols, any aqueous aerosols formed in the exhaust, and the ambient aerosols entrained into the plume act as nuclei to form ice crystals when water vapour in the plume becomes supersaturated because of the plume mixing with ambient cold air and cooling rapidly. The details of these processes involved in contrail formation are not known well, and there exist several knowledge gaps. The uncertainty associated with modelling its radiative forcing is very high due to a lack understanding nucleation of ice particles. Understanding these processes at a level that physical descriptions leading to realistic models is essential to simulate the aircraft induced contrail properties to predict their behaviour. The proposed project aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in contrail formation by addressing the knowledge gaps by means of a combined experimental and modelling effort supported by theoretical development of ice nucleation and growth. The deliverables of this research program will be a better physical description and improved models of contrail formation that can be used in contrail radiation forcing simulations decreasing the uncertainties in climate modelling. Results will help the Canadian gas turbine engine manufacturers to predict the impacts of engine exhaust and contrails on the environment and facilitate the decision-making and strategies for the potential of future aviation technologies such as hybrid electric, hydrogen, and sustainable aviation fuels aircraft.

对气候强迫的贡献（由于关节尾和二氧化碳）将是影响航空的未来的主要驱动因素。目前，似乎没有可行的主要推动者可以取代燃气轮机作为中型至远程商用飞机的首选发动机。在可预见的将来，这些发动机很可能会受到从可持续来源（即可持续航空燃料）获得的液体碳氢化合物的推动。关节尾会形成是发动机排气中的烟灰岩作用的结果，该烟雾充当形成冰颗粒的核。当前的理解是，烟雾溶剂，排气中形成的任何水溶液以及进入羽流中的环境气溶胶作为核素起作用，当羽流中的水蒸气与环境冷空气和迅速冷却时，羽流中的水蒸气变得过饱和。这些过程中涉及的这些过程的细节尚不清楚，并且存在一些知识差距。与对其辐射强迫建模相关的不确定性由于缺乏了解冰颗粒的成核的原因很高。了解这些过程的水平，即导致现实模型的物理描述对于模拟飞机诱发的围栏特性以预测其行为至关重要。 拟议的项目旨在通过通过冰核和生长的理论发展支持的结合实验和建模工作来解决知识差距，从而为估计形成的知识发展做出贡献。 该研究计划的可交付成果将是一个更好的物理描述和改进的围栏形成模型，可用于关节辐射迫使模拟降低气候建模中的不确定性。结果将有助于加拿大燃气轮机发动机制造商预测发动机排气和围栏对环境的影响，并促进决策和策略，以实现未来航空技术的潜力，例如混合电动机，氢气和可持续的航空燃料飞机。