Understanding the mechanisms subserving expertise: transference of domain-specific skill to domain-general cognitive ability

了解维护专业知识的机制：特定领域技能向领域通用认知能力的迁移

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06452
• 负责人: Wojtowicz, Magdalena
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741221
• 关键词: Understanding; mechanisms; subserving; expertise; transference

There is a growing interest in examining the neural underpinning of elite performance. Investigations into motor expertise, as observed in skilled athletes, have raised questions of whether superior cognitive-perceptual skills (i.e., a domain-specific skill) can transfer to more domain-general cognitive tasks (e.g., attention, executive function). There is some evidence that athletes outperform novice/non-athletes on domain-general cognitive tests of processing speed, aspects of attention, and executive function. However, findings have been mixed and limited by the variability in comparison groups, the lack of objective measures of motor expertise, and the sensitivity of the outcome measurements selected. The main objectives of the research program are: 1.To determine whether cognitive motor integration expertise (as measured by objective measures of cognitive motor integration) increases depending on sport demands (Study 1) 2.To determine whether cognitive motor integration expertise relates to better performance on domain-general tasks requiring attention and executive control (Study 1). 3.To examine whether cognitive motor integration expertise is associated with altered resting-state across functional brain networks that facilitate domain-general cognitive performance (Study 2). This research program will fill key knowledge gaps in our understanding of (i) the underlying neural and cognitive correlates associated with physical training in athletes; and (ii) the generalizability of domain-specific training to domain-general cognitive functioning. This work will provide foundational mechanistic knowledge in the field of sport-related cognitive neuroscience. It would inform the development of future cognitive and motor training programs targeting improved performance in elite athletes, and healthy non-athlete populations.

人们对研究精英表现的神经基础越来越兴趣。在熟练的运动员中观察到的运动专业知识的调查提出了问题，即高级认知感知技能（即特定于领域的技能）是否可以转移到更多领域的认知任务（例如，注意，执行功能）。有证据表明，运动员在处理速度，注意力方面和执行功能的领域认知测试方面优于新手/非运动员。但是，发现的结果被比较组的变异性，缺乏运动专业知识的客观度量以及所选结果测量的灵敏度的变化而限制。研究计划的主要目标是：1。确定认知运动整合专业知识（通过认知运动整合的客观度量来衡量）是否取决于运动需求（研究1）2。确定认知运动整合专业知识是否与需要注意和执行控制的领域将军任务的绩效更好（研究1）。 3.检查认知运动整合专业知识是否与跨功能性脑网络的静息状态改变有关，这促进了领域的认知性能（研究2）。该研究计划将填补我们对（i）与运动员体育训练相关的基本神经和认知的理解； （ii）域特异性训练对领域总认知功能的推广性。这项工作将在与运动相关的认知神经科学领域中提供基本的机械知识。它将为未来的认知和运动训练计划的发展提供信息，以改善精英运动员的表现以及健康的非运动员人群的发展。