Adapting wheat to stressful environments: Identifying key transpiration efficiency components reducing day-time water loss and heat stress linked to yield

使小麦适应压力环境：确定关键的蒸腾效率组成部分，减少与产量相关的白天水分流失和热应激

• 批准号: 570351-2021
• 负责人: Tanino, Karen
• 金额: $ 14.48万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=722086
• 关键词: Adapting; wheat; stressful; environments; Identifying

The overall goal of the partnership is to provide breeders with more specific selection criteria to more quickly release new cultivars which can better withstand multiple stresses (drought and heat stress) and which have greater yield stability. This directly supports our two cash funding partners, Sask Wheat and the Alberta Wheat & Barley Commission (AWC). SaskWheat aims to reduce environmental impact to enhance wheat producers' profitability, and AWC seeks to improve grain yield in normal and abiotic stress situations. In the prairies, climate is expected to continue to be more hot and dry with extreme weather events. In the field, drought stress is normally accompanied by heat stress and the combination of drought and heat stress is more common and six times more costly than each stress alone (Lamaoui et al. 2018; Mittler 2006). However, few if any studies have combined both drought and heat stress in the field on any crops. This project will establish a unique high tunnel field facility examining both drought and heat stress in a factorial combination (3 levels of drought stress × 3 levels of heat stress). The key plant response of Transpiration Efficiency (TE) is broadly defined as biomass produced per unit water transpired and essentially integrates the 90 collective traits identified by Casadebaig et al. (2016) in wheat. Our comprehensive study will examine: 1) shoot/leaf/rachis architecture/ultrastructural characteristics, 2) aquaporins and 3) cuticular waxes controlling TE at 10 days pre-anthesis through to the end of grain filling. The parameters investigated will primarily target those phenotypic and physiologic responses demonstrated to have a high heritability index and/or have been linked to grain yield. Hyperspectral imaging will also be incorporated to advance high throughput analysis linked to key traits (see Hein et al. 2021 for a review). Finally, both Night-Time and Day-Time TE parameters will be integrated to identify those common Day and Night Time factors which significantly increase TE under stress and are linked to yield resilience to both heat and drought stress through this physiological breeding approach.

合作伙伴关系的总体目标是为不同的选择标准提供更快的选择标准，以更快地释放新品种，这些品种可以更好地承受多种压力（干旱和热应激），并且具有更大的产量稳定性。这直接支持我们的两个现金资助伙伴Sask Wheat和Alberta Wheat＆Barley Commission（AWC）。 Sask Wheat旨在减少环境影响以增强小麦生产者的效率，AWC试图在正常和非生物应力情况下提高谷物产量。在大草原中，由于极端天气事件，预计气候将继续变得更加炎热和干燥。在该领域，干旱应力通常伴随着热应激，干旱和热应激的组合比单独的每种压力更为普遍，成本较高（Lamaoui等人，2018年； Mittler 2006）。但是，在任何农作物上，很少有研究将干旱和热应激融合在一起。该项目将建立一个独特的高隧道田间设施，研究阶乘组合中的干旱和热应激（3水平的干旱应力×3水平的热应激水平）。跨性效率（TE）的关键植物反应广泛定义为每单位水产生的生物质，并基本整合了Casadebaig等人确定的90个集体性状。 （2016）在小麦中。我们的全面研究将研究：1）射击/叶/拉奇建筑/超微结构特征，2）水通道蛋白和3）可爱的蜡，可在10天前进行te，直到谷物填充结束。研究的参数将主要针对那些表型和生理反应，证明具有较高的遗传力指数和/或与谷物产量有关。高光谱成像还将合并以推进与关键特征相关的高吞吐量分析（有关综述，请参见Hein等，2021）。最后，将集成到夜间和白天的TE参数，以确定那些常见的日常和夜间因素，这些因素会大大增加压力下的TE，并通过这种物理育种方法与对热量和干旱压力产生韧性相关。