Moving the corn belt northward: identifying key ultrastructural and physiological markers which provide chilling and frost stress resistance to enhance the breeding process

玉米种植带北移：识别关键的超微结构和生理标记，提供抗冷和抗冻能力，以增强育种过程

• 批准号: 491138-2015
• 负责人: Tanino, Karen
• 金额: $ 0.82万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=674766
• 关键词: Moving; corn; belt; northward; identifying

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a chilling and frost sensitive crop of significant economic value. Corn is the number one crop worldwide (over 980,000,000 million metric tonnes in 2014) followed by paddy rice, wheat and soybeans (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/96-325-x/2014001/article/11913-eng.htm). In the USA alone (accounting for about one-third of world production), the farm gate value of corn was $52 billion in 2014. Corn prices have more than doubled in the ten years since 2004. In 2014, Canada was ranked 9th in corn production worldwide (USDA). In Canada, corn is the third most valuable crop and production area doubled from 1971 to 2011. However, the necessity of warm temperatures and a long growing season are the main determinants of its production area and thus regions such as Saskatchewan, which has over 40% of the arable land in Canada, has only 0.3% of Canada's corn production area. Accordingly, lack of both chilling and frost stress resistance are the primary perpetual constraints limiting grain corn production across the prairies. In spite of a large research effort, significant advancements in elevating low temperature stress tolerance (chilling and freezing) in corn have not been achieved. This may be related to the focus on the early stage of growth (few days old seedlings), lack of incorporation of contrasting genotypes into experimental systems and method of stress application (cold shock exposure without prior cold acclimation). Night temperatures during the growing season in the prairies are typically 10C and plants have potential to cold acclimate under these conditions. Grain filling is the stage of highest risk to low temperature stress in the fall and has the greatest impact on yield. The goal of this study is to identify key ultrastructural and physiological markers which are linked to chilling and frost stress resistance during both the vegetative and grain filling stages in stress sensitive and tolerant grain corn lines with and without prior acclimation to cold. These identified markers can then be used to enhance the efficiency of the breeding process through targeted selection. This study builds upon and complements two ongoing research projects on chilling and frost resistance in corn.

玉米（Zea Mays L.）是一种寒冷且霜冻的敏感作物，具有巨大的经济价值。 玉米是全球排名第一的农作物（2014年超过9.8亿吨），其次是稻米，小麦和大豆（http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/96-325-x/2014001/article/11913-eng.htm）。 仅在美国（占世界产量的三分之一），2014年的玉米农场谷物价值为520亿美元。自2004年以来的十年中的玉米价格增加了一倍以上。2014年，加拿大在全球玉米生产中排名第9（USDA）。 在加拿大，玉米是从1971年到2011年的第三大作物和生产区域。但是，温暖温度和漫长的生长季节的必要性是其生产区域的主要决定因素，因此，诸如加拿大耕地超过40％的萨斯喀彻温省（Saskatchewan）只有超过40％的加拿大土地，占加拿大玉米玉米生产区的0.3％。 因此，缺乏寒冷和霜冻应力性是限制整个大草原谷物玉米的主要限制。尽管进行了大量的研究工作，但尚未实现玉米中升高低温胁迫耐受性（寒冷和冷冻）方面的显着进步。 这可能与关注生长的早期阶段（几天老幼苗），缺乏对比鲜明的基因型纳入实验系统和压力施加方法（没有先前冷的冷水）。 大草原生长季节期间的夜间温度通常为10摄氏度，在这些条件下，植物可能会冷冷。谷物填充是秋季低温应力风险最高的阶段，对产量的影响最大。 这项研究的目的是确定关键的超微结构和生理标记物，这些标志物与在压力敏感和耐受的谷物玉米线中，在植物性和谷物填充阶段的寒冷和霜冻应力抗性相关，有和没有事先适应感冒。 然后，可以使用这些确定的标记来通过有针对性的选择来提高育种过程的效率。 这项研究基于并补充了两个正在进行的有关玉米冷却和霜冻耐药性的研究项目。