Understanding variability in microbial biomining and bioremediation consortia; adaptation mechanisms for multiple extremes.

了解微生物生物采矿和生物修复联盟的变异性；

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06985
• 负责人: Mykytczuk, Nadia
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Laurentian University of Sudbury
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716541
• 关键词: Understanding; variability; microbial; biomining; bioremediation

Mining is central to our global society and the push towards sustainable mineral resource development requires addressing the issues around mine waste management and widespread impacts from acid mine drainage (AMD). The key objectives of my proposed research program are to understand the variability in both the role, activity, and adaptation mechanisms of microbial species and consortia that are central to the weathering of sulfidic mine waste, particularly in colder environments. On the one had these microbes lead to the production of AMD, but if we can harness their abilities, we can apply them to extract value through biomining, or help reduce AMD through bioremediation. With an emphasis on the long established mining around Sudbury, Ontario and contrasting these with global sites or possible new mining developments in the Far North (Ring of Fire), this research program will address two major issues including the need to understand how microbial consortia adapt to different geochemical and climate conditions within mine waste materials in situ, and secondly, to understand how we can better promote or inhibit certain adaptive mechanisms when we wish to either establish particular microbial communities, or inhibit their deleterious impact (i.e. uncontrolled AMD production). The short-term research goals aim to address fundamental questions including: 1) How does the ecology/functional diversity of microbial communities vary in different mining wastes in northern environments?; 2) How do AMD microbial communities adapt to high metal loads and low pH in colder environments and do they remain active at near zero/subzero temperatures?; 3) What is the cold-active AMD community microbiome in different mine waste systems and; 4) What are their metabolic properties (target genes/enzymes) that may be used in industrial applications (bioleaching or bioremediation). Over the 5 year grant, achieving these goals will advance our understanding of how these microbes drive Fe/S biogeochemical cycles in colder climates and how they might respond to perturbations, such as changes in land use, nutrient flux, and variable water and thermal regimes, in a region that will be subject to pronounced environmental change in the coming decades. Funding for this proposal will support the training of 4 graduate and 5 undergraduate students in environmental microbiology, genomics, bioinformatics, microbial bioleaching, and remediation, thus contributing new HQP required to promote sustainable mining in Canada, and elsewhere.

采矿是我们全球社会的核心，朝着可持续的矿产资源开发迈进，需要解决有关矿物废物管理的问题，并对酸性矿水排水（AMD）产生的广泛影响。我提出的研究计划的关键目标是了解微生物物种和财团的作用，活动和适应机制的可变性，这是硫化矿物质废物风化的核心，尤其是在较冷的环境中。在其中，这些微生物会导致AMD的产生，但是如果我们可以利用它们的能力，我们可以通过生物启动来提取价值，或通过生物修复来减少AMD。强调安大略省萨德伯里（Sudbury）周围已建立了长期建立的采矿，并将它们与全球遗址或遥远北部（火环）的可能新开发发展进行了对比，该研究计划将解决两个主要问题，包括需要微生物联盟适应不同的地球化学和气候条件在某些地方的机制中，我们可以在某些地方促进或促进我们的特定机制，以便我们能够适应某些机制，以确定我们的特定机制，我们可以在某些地方促进或者，我们能够适应某些地方，并能够适应某些情况，并且能够适应某些情况，并且在某些情况下，我们可以在某些情况下进行，并且在某些情况下可以适应，并能够适应我们的特定机制，并且可以适应我们的特定机制，并且可以在某些情况下进行，并且在某些情况下可以适应，并且可以适应我们的特定机制，并且可以促进我们的特定机制。微生物群落或抑制其有害影响（即不受控制的AMD生产）。短期研究目标旨在解决基本问题，包括： 1）微生物群落的生态/功能多样性在北部环境中的不同采矿废物中有何不同？ 2）在较冷的环境中，AMD微生物群落如何适应高金属载荷和低pH值，并且它们是否在接近零/亚零下的温度下保持活跃？ 3）什么是不同的矿物废物系统中的冷活动AMD社区微生物组？ 4）它们的代谢特性（靶基因/酶）是什么？ 在5年的赠款中，实现这些目标将提高我们对这些微生物在较冷的气候中如何驱动Fe/S生物地球化学周期以及它们对扰动的反应，例如在未来几十年代内将有明显的环境变化的区域，它们对扰动的响应，例如土地使用的变化，可变的水和热度制度。该提案的资金将支持4名研究生和5名本科生在环境微生物学，基因组学，生物信息学，微生物生物介绍和补救培训方面的培训，从而为促进加拿大促进可持续采矿所需的新HQP培训。