Improving Catalysis Sustainability

提高催化可持续性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05584
• 负责人: Organ, Michael
• 金额: $ 7.65万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713740
• 关键词: Improving; Catalysis; Sustainability

Over the last 5 years, research in the Principal Investigator's (PI) group has developed Pd (palladium) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts to solve synthetic problems in the formation of C-C, C-S, and C-N bonds. With these innovations, processes that only worked under harsh conditions (e.g., strong base, high temperatures) can now be done routinely with mild base at RT. These Pd catalysts have all been commercialized and are being used in laboratories worldwide. While catalysis itself is viewed as one of the Twelve Principals of Green Chemistry, more must be done to make such chemistry truly sustainable. Pd is a popular metal for catalysis because of its unsurpassed broad-spectrum reactivity and selectivity. However, Pd is also among the most scarce elements and goes from being concentrated in mining deposits to being distributed widely into waste streams that do allow the metal to be recovered and recycled, thus essentially losing it forever. Further, the shear volume of earth that has to be moved to find rare metals causes large-scale environmental damage. The overriding objective of this research proposal is to improve catalysis sustainability following four concepts: 1) making longer-living, high reactivity catalysts thereby significantly reducing the amount of metal and associated ligand necessary for catalysis, 2) adapting more abundant metals (e.g., cobalt) for wider synthetic applications through ligand design, 3) devising catalysts to work effectively in more environmentally friendly solvents including water and alcohol, and 4) performing co-catalysis employing enzymes, which are nature's catalysts. In approaching the above objectives four new tools will be developed for the catalysis toolbox that will help make this area of synthetic chemistry more sustainable. Importantly, proposed research targets large-scale chemical production from the outset, so results should be more directly applicable to current manufacturing practices. Specifically, new ligand designs will improve catalyst lifetime allowing far less precious (and non-precious) metals to be used and we will move catalysis away from large-scale organic solvent use by making existing catalytic processes amenable to being conducted in water. White papers of many chemical manufacturers prominently highlight catalysis and biocatalysis as key technologies for achieving a zero-carbon footprint in synthesis, thus significant impact and application of the outcomes in this proposal are anticipated. Important applications being pursued using this methodology include the pursuit of new pharmaceutical and diagnostics agents to battle disease, new materials for the electronics industry, and new agrochemicals to help ensure a reliable food supply. The PI is well connected with companies in these sectors, which will streamline the transformation of these discoveries into goods and services to benefit society.

在过去的5年中，主要研究者（PI）组的研究开发了PD（PALLADIUM）N-杂环卡宾（NHC）催化剂，以解决C-C，C-S，C-S和C-N键形成中的合成问题。通过这些创新，现在只能在RT处于轻度基础的情况下，通常可以在严格的条件下（例如，强大，高温）起作用的过程。这些PD催化剂均已商业化，并在全球实验室中使用。尽管催化本身被视为十二个绿色化学原理之一，但必须做更多的事情才能使这种化学真正可持续。 PD是一种流行的催化金属，因为其无与伦比的广谱反应性和选择性无与伦比。但是，PD也是最稀缺的元素之一，并且从集中在采矿沉积物中到被广泛分布到废物流中，这些废物流确实可以回收和回收金属，因此基本上永远损失了金属。此外，必须移动以找到稀有金属的剪切量会造成大规模的环境破坏。 这项研究提案的覆盖目标是在四个概念之后提高催化可持续性：1）使更长寿，高反应性催化剂显着减少催化的金属和相关的配体的数量，2）适应更丰富的金属（例如，通过辅助型核心效率），包括更丰富的金属（例如，钴），以促进型号的效力，以促进效力，3），3），3），3），3），3），3），3），3）cobalsy and cobal sepriment sopertive calligantial caltive cormants caltive cormants cormants cormants cormant solication，3）适用于3）。 4）使用酶进行共同催化，这是自然的催化剂。 在实现上述目标时，将为催化工具箱开发四个新工具，这将有助于使该合成化学领域更加可持续。重要的是，拟议的研究从一开始就针对大型化学生产，因此结果应更直接适用于当前的制造实践。具体而言，新的配体设计将改善催化剂的寿命，从而使使用的珍贵（和非专业）金属少得多，我们将通过使现有的催化过程可在水中进行，从而将催化远离大规模的有机溶剂使用。许多化学制造商的白皮书突出介绍了催化和生物催化作为在合成中实现零碳足迹的关键技术，因此预计结果在该提案中的重大影响和应用。 使用这种方法进行的重要应用包括追求新的药物和诊断药物来对抗疾病，电子工业的新材料以及新的农业化学物质，以帮助确保可靠的粮食供应。 PI与这些部门的公司有很好的联系，这将简化这些发现转换为商品和服务以使社会受益。