Innovative multifaceted approaches for tracing the sources and fate of nutrients and contaminants in watersheds

用于追踪流域营养物和污染物的来源和归宿的创新多方面方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03877
• 负责人: Mayer, Bernhard
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709754
• 关键词: Innovative; multifaceted; approaches; tracing; sources

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) containing compounds have the potential to induce major water quality degradations affecting drinking water quality and may cause eutrophication of continental water bodies. N and P in agricultural fertilizers, in urban runoff and wastewater effluents, and from industrial point sources cause increasing nutrient releases into surface water and groundwater bodies. Tracing the sources, the transport and the fate of N and P compounds in watersheds remains a major challenge. The objective of this 5-year research program is to develop an innovative tracer approach that combines novel isotope fingerprinting tools with more established chemical and isotopic approaches, water age-dating methods, and leading-edge microbiological and metagenomic techniques. Based on a thorough inventory of isotopic fingerprints of P and N sources relevant in the investigated watersheds, the scientific approach used in this research program will be comprised of a combination of aqueous geochemistry and novel and established isotopic tracer techniques to determine the predominant sources affecting nutrient loading of surface water and groundwater systems. In addition, my research team will advance our capabilities to unravel the biogeochemical reactions that affect the occurrence and persistence of these nutrients in the investigated aquatic systems. This will be achieved by conducting laboratory experiments and bioreactor microcosm studies, controlled nutrient tracing in artificial streams and an experimental wastewater treatment plant, and watershed-wide studies accessing surface water and groundwater bodies in Western Canada. Leading-edge techniques such as metagenomics, RNA and protein sequencing, as well as other microbiological approaches will be used to obtain complementary evidence for identifying the predominant processes and the key microorganisms involved in controlling the fate of nutrients and the persistence of contaminants in the investigated aquatic systems. Furthermore, water age-dating techniques will be employed to gain insights about water transit times in the investigated aquatic systems. The innovative combination of these approaches is expected to yield a much improved understanding of sources and timelines involved in nutrient and contaminant loading of aquatic systems, and will result in novel insights into the predominant processes and approximate reaction rates leading to biodegradation of nutrients and contaminants in surface water and groundwater systems. The obtained knowledge will be essential for developing future water management strategies for safeguarding or remediating of aquatic systems in Canada and elsewhere.

含氮（N）和含磷（P）的化合物有可能诱导影响饮用水质量的主要水质降解，并可能导致大陆水体的富营养化。 N和P在农业肥料中，城市径流和废水废水中，从工业点来源导致养分增加到地表水和地下水体内。追踪流域中N和P化合物的运输和命运仍然是一个重大挑战。这项为期5年的研究计划的目的是开发一种创新的示踪剂方法，该方法将新型的同位素指纹工具与更具成熟的化学和同位素方法，水年龄约会方法以及领先的微生物和宏基因组技术相结合。基于研究计划中使用的P和N来源的同位素指纹的彻底清单，该研究计划中使用的科学方法将包括由水性地球化学以及新颖的水性地球化学和既定的同位素截止性技术的组合，以确定影响地表水和地表水域的营养负载的主要源。此外，我的研究团队将提高我们揭示影响这些养分在研究的水生系统中发生和持久性的生物地球化学反应的能力。这将通过进行实验室实验和生物反应器缩影研究，人工水流中的养分追踪以及实验性废水处理厂以及在加拿大西部的地表水和地下水中获取的养分追踪。诸如宏基因组学，RNA和蛋白质测序以及其他微生物学方法之类的前沿技术将用于获得互补的证据，以识别控制营养物质的命运以及所研究的水生系统中污染物的持久性涉及的主要微生物。此外，将采用水年代约会技术来获得有关水生系统中水产时间的见解。预计这些方法的创新组合将对水生系统的养分和污染物负荷产生大大提高的理解，并将导致对主要过程的新见解，并近似反应速率，从而导致地表水和地面水和地下水系统中的属属物质和污染物的生物降解。获得的知识对于制定未来的水管理策略至关重要，以保护加拿大和其他地方的水生系统。