Genetic and probiotic improvement of immunity in triploid Chinook salmon

三倍体奇努克鲑鱼免疫力的遗传和益生菌改善

• 批准号: 521253-2018
• 负责人: Dixon, Brian
• 金额: $ 9.32万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=697255
• 关键词: Genetic; probiotic; improvement; immunity; triploid

Eighty percent of global fish production is consumed as food and currently over 50 percent of annual fish consumption worldwide is produced from aquaculture. Further, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forecasts that an additional 40 million tonnes (Mt) will be needed to feed the world population by 2030. Finfish aquaculture needs R&D in areas such as stock development, vaccine development, high performance diets and fish health, as well as genomic research in the areas of elite broodstock development, controlling environmental hazards and pest management strategies. On the west coast of Canada, farming of Atlantic salmon is still dominant, but Chinook salmon offers a native species alternative. Escapees mixing with wild stocks can be a potential hazard of this species, however. One mitigation strategy is to use triploid fish, as they are sterile. This strategy offers the added advantage that triploid fish do not mature sexually, a process that degrades market quality of the fillets. Chinook salmon maturation is a seasonal process, causing a rush to optimize the time of harvest before the fish mature. Non-maturing triploids will reduce losses due to early maturation of fish and extend the harvest time, providing increased profits. Triploid salmon are more susceptible to disease, however and that prevents the aquaculture industry from obtaining these benefits. The degree of this disease susceptibility differs between families of fish. This proposal examines the possibility that triploid fish have compromised immunity due to their genetic background causing family specific differences in expression of their immune genes combined with behavioural differences seen in triploids. It will also examine the possibility of ameliorating detrimental effects of triploidy through probiotic diets. The results of this research will provide information that allows the selection of broodstock and diet formulations that will produce triploid fish with minimal extra disease resistance, providing the environmental and economic benefits which triploid fish offer. Additionally, the results of this research will provide information on fish genetics and immunity so unique that it will provide benefits to the aquaculture of all finfish.

全球鱼类产量的 80% 作为食品消费，目前全球每年鱼类消费量的 50% 以上来自水产养殖。此外，联合国粮食及农业组织 (FAO) 预测，到 2030 年，将需要额外 4000 万吨 (Mt) 来养活世界人口。有鳍鱼类水产养殖需要在种群开发、疫苗开发、高性能饲料等领域进行研发和鱼类健康，以及优良亲鱼开发、控制环境危害和害虫管理策略领域的基因组研究。在加拿大西海岸，大西洋鲑鱼养殖仍占主导地位，但奇努克鲑鱼提供了本地物种的替代品。然而，逃亡者与野生种群混合可能对该物种构成潜在危害。一种缓解策略是使用三倍体鱼，因为它们是不育的。这种策略提供了额外的优势，即三倍体鱼不会性成熟，这一过程会降低鱼片的市场质量。奇努克鲑鱼的成熟是一个季节性过程，导致人们在鱼成熟之前急于优化收获时间。未成熟的三倍体将减少因鱼类过早成熟而造成的损失，并延长收获时间，从而增加利润。然而，三倍体鲑鱼更容易受到疾病的影响，这使得水产养殖业无法获得这些好处。鱼类对这种疾病的易感程度不同。该提案研究了三倍体鱼由于其遗传背景导致其免疫基因表达的家族特异性差异以及三倍体中观察到的行为差异而损害免疫力的可能性。它还将研究通过益生菌饮食改善三倍体有害影响的可能性。这项研究的结果将提供信息，允许选择亲鱼和饮食配方，以生产具有最小额外抗病性的三倍体鱼，从而提供三倍体鱼所提供的环境和经济效益。此外，这项研究的结果将提供有关鱼类遗传学和免疫的信息，其独特性将为所有有鳍鱼类的水产养殖带来好处。