Changes in ginsenosides and soil biodiversity related to management of ginseng replant disease

与人参重植病管理相关的人参皂苷和土壤生物多样性的变化

• 批准号: 521406-2018
• 负责人: Bernards, Mark
• 金额: $ 16.3万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=697252
• 关键词: Changes; ginsenosides; soil; biodiversity; related

It is well known by growers that after one crop, it is not possible to plant ginseng in the same gardens. Frequently, the new crop will quickly succumb to root rot disease colloquially referred to as replant disease. The persistence of replant disease is measured in decades. Due to replant disease, suitable sandy soils on which ginseng has not been grown previously are becoming scarce. It is estimated that there will not be any more suitable land for ginseng production in Ontario in the next 20 to 30 years. In the meantime, travel to fields up to an hour from their home farms and decreased yields from moving to increasingly marginal land costs the industry an estimated $40 million/yr. Replant disease is not as simple as the persistence of specific disease-causing organisms in former ginseng gardens. Instead, there is growing evidence that critical changes in both soil chemistry and microorganism biology in ginseng gardens occur post-harvest and render ginseng gardens unsuitable for a second crop of ginseng. Ginsenosides are chemical compounds made by ginseng that provide the plant with some of its medicinal properties. These compounds are known to be released into the soil, and can be modified by soil-borne microorganisms. We hypothesize that ginsenosides are biotransformed by resident soil microbes, creating a soil environment in which highly virulent forms of the organisms that comprise the replant disease complex can establish. To address this hypothesis in the present proposal we will establish the relationship between ginsenosides and the microbiome in field soil, during cultivation of ginseng in a new garden, as well as in a recently harvested garden. We will also monitor the impact of specific soil treatments on the soil microbiome and ginsenosides in the field and the greenhouse. We will identify key organisms and types of ginsenosides associated with increasing levels of root rot during replant disease and establish molecular markers for their routine identification in soil samples (e.g., to determine whether a field is at risk for replant disease). Finally, we propose to identify unique gene features of identified organisms and use them as potential targets for selective management intervention.

种植者众所周知，在一种农作物之后，不可能在同一花园中种人参。通常，新作物会迅速屈服于根源疾病，被称为补给疾病。数十年来衡量补给性疾病的持久性。由于补给疾病，以前尚未种植人参的合适的沙质土壤正在变得稀缺。据估计，在未来20至30年内，安大略省的人参生产将不再有任何合适的土地。同时，从他们的家庭农场到一个小时的田野旅行，从越来越小的土地损失的收益率降低，该行业估计为4000万美元/年。再种植疾病并不像以前的人参花园中特定引起疾病的生物的持续性那样简单。取而代之的是，越来越多的证据表明，人参花园中土壤化学和微生物生物学的关键变化发生在收获后，使人参花园不适合第二种人参。人参皂苷是人参生产的化合物，为植物提供了一些药用特性。已知这些化合物被释放到土壤中，可以通过土壤传播的微生物来改变。我们假设人参皂苷是由居民土壤微生物生物转化的，从而创造了一种土壤环境，在这种环境中，构成重种疾病综合体可以建立的生物的高毒形式。为了解决本提案中的这一假设，我们将在田间土壤中，在新花园中以及最近收获的花园中建立人参皂苷与微生物组之间的关系。我们还将监测特定土壤处理对土壤微生物组和田间和温室中的人参皂苷的影响。我们将确定关键的生物和类型的人参类型，与昆虫疾病期间的根腐病水平升高相关，并为其在土壤样品中的常规鉴定（例如，确定田间是否有培育疾病的风险）建立分子标记。最后，我们建议识别已确定生物的独特基因特征，并将其用作选择性管理干预的潜在目标。