Genetic Improvement of Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Canadian Spring Wheat

加拿大春小麦叶锈病和条锈病抗性的遗传改良

• 批准号: 522311-2017
• 负责人: Spaner, Dean
• 金额: $ 12.33万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693965
• 关键词: Genetic; Improvement; Leaf; Stripe; Rust

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe (yellow) rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) are two of the most common diseases of wheat in western Canada. They are responsible for major yield losses and grain quality deterioration. Although the severity of both diseases can be reduced through agronomic management practices and application of foliar fungicides, the development of resistant cultivars is a more economical and environmentally friendly approach to control rusts. Various single genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the two diseases have been reported in the literature, but only four genes for leaf rust (Lr16, Lr21, Lr22a and Lr34/Yr18) and five genes for stripe rust (Yr7, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18/Lr34 and Yr36) contribute most of the resistance against the prevalent races in western Canada. Molecular markers are available for introgressing each gene using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Qualitative disease resistance, expressed at seedling stage, is controlled by single major effect genes that lose their effectiveness over time due to changes in pathogen populations. Quantitative resistance, expressed at adult plant stage, is controlled by genes and/or QTLs with small additive effects, which is more durable, but requires the introgression of multiple genes/QTLs in to the same genetic background. Here, we propose to train young professionals on cultivar/line development using doubled haploid (DH) technology, gene pyramiding using MAS, and identification of new sources of resistance to rusts using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The specific objectives of the project are the following: (1) to develop improved wheat germplasm that consist of new combinations of at least three leaf rust and/or stripe rust resistant genes using a combination of DH technology and MAS; (2) to identify new sources of leaf and stripe rust resistance by evaluating 220 historical and modern Canadian spring wheat cultivars along with 30 spring wheat lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) for their reaction to seedling resistance under greenhouse and adult plant resistance under both field and greenhouse conditions; and (3) to train two graduate students (1 PhD and 1 MSc) in wheat breeding and genetics.

叶锈病 (Puccinia triticina) 和条锈病 (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) 是加拿大西部小麦最常见的两种病害。 它们造成了重大的产量损失和谷物质量恶化。尽管可以通过农艺管理措施和叶面杀菌剂的应用来降低这两种疾病的严重程度，但开发抗性品种是控制锈病的一种更经济、更环保的方法。文献报道了与这两种病害相关的各种单基因和数量性状位点（QTL），但只有4个叶锈病基因（Lr16、Lr21、Lr22a和Lr34/Yr18）和5个条锈病基因（Yr7、Yr10） 、Yr17、Yr18/Lr34 和 Yr36）对加拿大西部盛行的种族贡献了大部分抵抗力。分子标记可用于使用标记辅助选择 (MAS) 渗入每个基因。在幼苗阶段表达的定性抗病性由单个主效应基因控制，随着时间的推移，由于病原体种群的变化，这些基因会失去其有效性。数量抗性在成株阶段表达，由基因和/或QTL控制，加性效应小，更持久，但需要多个基因/QTL渗入到相同的遗传背景中。在这里，我们建议对年轻专业人员进行使用双单倍体 (DH) 技术的品种/品系开发、使用 MAS 的基因金字塔以及使用全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 识别新的锈病抗性来源的培训。该项目的具体目标如下：（1）利用DH技术和MAS相结合，开发改良的小麦种质，该种质由至少三种叶锈病和/或条锈病抗性基因的新组合组成； (2) 通过评估 220 个历史和现代加拿大春小麦品种以及国际玉米和小麦改良中心 (CIMMYT) 的 30 个春小麦品系在温室和成年条件下对幼苗抗性的反应，确定叶锈病和条锈病抗性的新来源田间和温室条件下的植物抗性； （3）培养小麦育种与遗传学专业研究生2名（博士1名，硕士1名）。