Genetic Improvement of Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Canadian Spring Wheat

加拿大春小麦叶锈病和条锈病抗性的遗传改良

• 批准号: 522311-2017
• 负责人: Spaner, Dean
• 金额: $ 12.33万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693965
• 关键词: Genetic; Improvement; Leaf; Stripe; Rust

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe (yellow) rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) are two of the most common diseases of wheat in western Canada. They are responsible for major yield losses and grain quality deterioration. Although the severity of both diseases can be reduced through agronomic management practices and application of foliar fungicides, the development of resistant cultivars is a more economical and environmentally friendly approach to control rusts. Various single genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the two diseases have been reported in the literature, but only four genes for leaf rust (Lr16, Lr21, Lr22a and Lr34/Yr18) and five genes for stripe rust (Yr7, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18/Lr34 and Yr36) contribute most of the resistance against the prevalent races in western Canada. Molecular markers are available for introgressing each gene using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Qualitative disease resistance, expressed at seedling stage, is controlled by single major effect genes that lose their effectiveness over time due to changes in pathogen populations. Quantitative resistance, expressed at adult plant stage, is controlled by genes and/or QTLs with small additive effects, which is more durable, but requires the introgression of multiple genes/QTLs in to the same genetic background. Here, we propose to train young professionals on cultivar/line development using doubled haploid (DH) technology, gene pyramiding using MAS, and identification of new sources of resistance to rusts using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The specific objectives of the project are the following: (1) to develop improved wheat germplasm that consist of new combinations of at least three leaf rust and/or stripe rust resistant genes using a combination of DH technology and MAS; (2) to identify new sources of leaf and stripe rust resistance by evaluating 220 historical and modern Canadian spring wheat cultivars along with 30 spring wheat lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) for their reaction to seedling resistance under greenhouse and adult plant resistance under both field and greenhouse conditions; and (3) to train two graduate students (1 PhD and 1 MSc) in wheat breeding and genetics.

叶锈（Puccinia triticina）和条纹（黄色）锈（Puccinia striiformisf。sp。tritici）是加拿大西部最常见的小麦疾病。 他们负责严重的收益率损失和谷物质量恶化。尽管可以通过农艺管理实践和叶面杀真菌剂的应用来降低两种疾病的严重程度，但耐药品种的发展是一种控制锈蚀的更经济和环保的方法。在文献中已经报道了与两种疾病相关的各种单一基因和定量性状基因座（QTL），但只有四个用于叶片生锈的基因（LR16，LR21，LR22A和LR34/YR18）和五个基因，用于条纹的锈蚀（YR7，YR10，YR10，YR17，YR18/LR18/LR34和YR34和YR34和YR34和YR34和YR34和YR34和YR34和YR34）在加拿大西部。分子标记可用于使用标记辅助选择（MAS）来渗入每个基因。在幼苗阶段表达的定性抗病性受到单个主要效应基因的控制，由于病原体种群的变化，它们随着时间的流逝而失去了效力。在成人植物阶段表达的定量抗性由具有较小添加剂作用的基因和/或QTL控制，这更耐用，但需要在相同的遗传背景中渗入多个基因/QTL。在这里，我们建议使用双倍的单倍体技术（DH）技术，使用MAS进行基因金字化以及使用全基因组范围的协会研究（GWAS）识别对锈蚀的新抗性来培训年轻专业人士。该项目的具体目标是：（1）通过使用DH技术和MAS组合组合的至少三个叶子生锈和/或耐抗锈病的新组合来开发改进的小麦种质； （2）通过评估220种历史和现代的加拿大春季小麦品种以及来自国际玉米和小麦改善中心（CIMMYT）的30条春季小麦品系来识别叶子和条纹锈蚀的新来源，以在田野和温室条件下对温室和成人植物的抵抗力的反应； （3）培训两名研究生（1位博士学位和1 MSC），以培养小麦育种和遗传学。