Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

有机环境小麦农学、遗传学和育种

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04018
• 负责人: Spaner, Dean
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684525
• 关键词: Agronomy; Genetics; Breeding; Wheat; Organic

As concern for environmental stewardship rises, and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices may become more and more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, and especially in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a pioneering long-term NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. ******Long-term objectives: This is a long-term study designed to extend the level of scientific information on 1) the genetic basis of breeding for soil nutrient deficiencies and weed competitive ability, 2) environmentally sustainable wheat agronomy and breeding for organic environments, and 3) understanding the physiological mechanisms of competitive ability.******The short-term objectives of the present 5-year project are to a) Screen purposely chosen association and bi-parental wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential QTL and breeding potential of traits uncovered. Such studies require a minimum of three year, two site, large scale field trials to gather phenotypic information on all manner of agronomic, disease and quality traits in addition to extensive genotypic data collection and further statistical analyses; b) Continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments through field experimentation; 3) Conduct a meta-analysis of our group's historical data pairing spring wheat cultivars in conventional and organic trials to uncover evidence pointing to traits conferring advantage in organic/low-input conditions. ******All experimental strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimize energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem. ********

随着人们对环境管理的关注日益增加，以及化学品投入的生态和货币支出超出了社会阈值，有机农业实践可能在加拿大西部变得越来越重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。对加拿大有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究很少，特别是在加拿大大草原的黑土地区。拟议的研究是 NSERC 发现补助金长期支持的开创性项目的延续，该项目涉及小麦有机生产的育种和农艺策略的开发。 ******长期目标：这是一项长期研究，旨在扩展以下方面的科学信息水平：1) 土壤养分缺乏和杂草竞争能力育种的遗传基础，2) 环境可持续的小麦农学和有机环境育种，以及 3) 了解竞争能力的生理机制。 *****当前 5 年项目的短期目标是 a) 筛选特意选择的关联和双亲小麦作图群体低投入竞争能力和产量的特征（有机）和常规环境，并确定所发现性状的遗传力、潜在 QTL 和育种潜力。此类研究需要至少三年、两个地点的大规模田间试验，除了广泛的基因型数据收集和进一步的统计分析外，还需要收集各种农艺、疾病和质量性状的表型信息； b) 通过田间实验继续完善有机环境的小麦原型； 3）对我们小组在传统和有机试验中配对春小麦品种的历史数据进行荟萃分析，以发现表明在有机/低投入条件下具有优势的性状的证据。 ******所有实验策略都将探索开发系统的潜力，以最大限度地减少能源输入，同时保持农业生态系统的长期能源平衡。 ******