Characterization and control of human responses to global and local vibration

人类对整体和局部振动反应的表征和控制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04499
• 负责人: Rakheja, Subhash
• 金额: $ 4.66万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691206
• 关键词: Characterization; control; human; responses; global

Proposed study concerns control of global vibration (WBV) of vehicle drivers and localized hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) of power tools operators via engineering interventions. Operators of hand-held power tools in industrial sector are exposed to high magnitudes of HTV in broad frequency ranges (up to 2000 Hz). Occupational exposure to such vibration has been associated with vascular and neural disorders, collectively known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Similarly, work vehicle drivers are exposed to WBV predominant in low frequency range (up to 20 Hz). Exposure to WBV has been correlated with musculoskeletal disorders, particularly lower back pain and degenerative lesions of spine. Approximately 4 to7% of all employees in USA, Canada and European countries are potentially exposed to harmful vibration with annual costs of health care, compensation and lost workdays in the order of several billion dollars. Owing to health risks of vibration exposure, international standards and an EU directive have defined caution guidance and safe exposure limits. HTV and WBV exposures of operators, however, generally lie within the caution zone or exceed safe limits, suggesting need for effective engineering interventions, considering excessive health care and compensation costs apart from social well-being of the exposed population. Overall goal of this study is to build knowledge on human responses to WBV and HTV, and develop human-centered designs for limiting WBV and HTV exposures and potential injury risks, while ensuring HQP training with multi-disciplinary challenges. The specific goals include design of control methods for isolation of hand from vibrating tool handle, developments in low vibration impact tools, control of vertical WBV via vehicle-specific suspension seats, and control of multi-axis WBV exposure via an innovative inter-axle coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension. Owing to significant absorption of vibration energy by the seated body and hand-arm system (HAS), the design approaches involved developments in biodynamic models of HAS and seated body. These are integrated to models of a percussion tool and seat, respectively, to obtain coupled hand-tool and body-seat models for deriving optimal human-centered designs of vibration control devices. Study aims to develop optimal antivibration gloves for control of HTV considering contributions due to hand-handle coupling forces and HAS biodynamics. A tuned vibration absorber is proposed for control of vibration of an impact tool. A vehicle-specific seat suspension design methodology is proposed for optimal control of vertical WBV exposure considering vibration absorption by seated body and uncertainties due to body mass and ride height variations, and occasional shocks. The control of multi-axis WBV exposure will be achieved by design of inter-axle coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension, which permits decoupling of modes and thereby preserve roll and directional stability of vehicle.

拟议的研究涉及通过工程干预控制车辆驾驶员的整体振动（WBV）和电动工具操作员的局部手传振动（HTV）。工业领域手持式电动工具的操作员会接触到宽频率范围（高达 2000 Hz）的高强度 HTV。职业接触这种振动与血管和神经疾病有关，统称为手臂振动综合症（HAVS）。同样，作业车辆驾驶员也会暴露在低频范围（最高 20 Hz）的 WBV 中。接触 WBV 与肌肉骨骼疾病有关，特别是腰痛和脊柱退行性病变。在美国、加拿大和欧洲国家，大约 4% 到 7% 的员工可能会受到有害振动的影响，每年的医疗保健、赔偿和工作日损失费用约为数十亿美元。由于振动暴露的健康风险，国际标准和欧盟指令定义了谨慎指导和安全暴露限制。然而，操作人员的 HTV 和 WBV 暴露通常处于警戒范围内或超过安全限度，这表明需要采取有效的工程干预措施，除了暴露人群的社会福祉之外还要考虑过度的医疗保健和补偿成本。本研究的总体目标是建立关于人类对 WBV 和 HTV 反应的知识，并开发以人为本的设计，以限制 WBV 和 HTV 暴露和潜在伤害风险，同时确保 HQP 培训应对多学科挑战。具体目标包括设计用于隔离手与振动工具手柄的控制方法、开发低振动冲击工具、通过车辆专用悬架座椅控制垂直 WBV，以及通过创新的轴间耦合控制多轴 WBV 暴露液压气动悬架。由于坐姿身体和手臂系统 (HAS) 对振动能量的显着吸收，设计方法涉及 HAS 和坐姿身体的生物动力学模型的开发。它们分别集成到冲击工具和座椅模型中，以获得耦合的手动工具和人体座椅模型，从而得出振动控制装置的最佳以人为本的设计。研究旨在开发用于控制 HTV 的最佳防振手套，考虑到手柄耦合力和 HAS 生物动力学的贡献。 提出了一种调谐减振器来控制冲击工具的振动。考虑到就座身体的振动吸收以及由于体重和行驶高度变化以及偶尔的冲击引起的不确定性，提出了一种车辆专用座椅悬架设计方法，用于优化垂直 WBV 暴露的控制。多轴 WBV 暴露的控制将通过轴间耦合液压气动悬架的设计来实现，该悬架允许模式解耦，从而保持车辆的侧倾和方向稳定性。