Systematics, Biodiversity and Biogeography of Marine Macroalgae Emphasizing the Canadian Flora

海洋大型藻类的系统学、生物多样性和生物地理学，重点关注加拿大植物区系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-03869
• 负责人: Saunders, Gary
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664344
• 关键词: Systematics; Biodiversity; Biogeography; Marine; Macroalgae

Biological diversity is essential for healthy ecosystems and is a key component of a nation's wealth. To manage this resource it is imperative to understand biodiversity from the genetic to the ecosystem level. Part of this task is the preparation of biological inventories, coupled with an understanding of biogeography and ecology. Establishing inventories requires a system of classification with which to document diversity, which, when based on relationships, additionally provides a guide for those seeking to survey species for economically-useful compounds (related species have related compounds). *** My major focus is on two ecologically and economically-important groups of macroalgae – red (primary) and brown (secondary) seaweed. We will use powerful molecular tools to establish our contemporary inventories and derive our insights on relationships. These tools are more objective than anatomical expressions that may be influenced by convergent evolution or the environment in the form of plasticity. Specific objectives of the research program include:******1) to use molecular tools to establish the first comprehensive list of Canadian red and brown macroalgae; ***2) to use molecular phylogenetic tools to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within these lineages with the aim of including wide representation of the Canadian flora in a global context;***3) to utilize these global phylogenetic hypotheses to establish natural classifications and to assess character evolution (e.g. vegetative and reproductive anatomy, life history, and carbohydrate type); and,***4) to generate molecular data for biogeographic and population genetic analyses to explore recent (Pleistocene) speciation and migration along Canada's three coasts. Notably, preliminary data indicate: there has been an unexpected contribution of Californian flora to northern British Columbia (Kelp Conveyor Hypothesis) at the species level that has yet to be tested at the population level; there has been a significant contribution of the North Pacific flora to the Canadian Arctic (and Atlantic) flora(s) (Trans Arctic Biotic Exchange Hypothesis) in contrast to the Atlantic re-colonization paradigm; and there was a significant refugial contribution to our North Atlantic flora with the possibility that ‘populations' on each side of the Atlantic in many cases actually represent sibling species.******Novel expected findings: The results will provide an invaluable resource for systematists and conservationists as we work to appreciate macroalgal diversity and relationships, monitor introduced species, explore changes in seaweed floras owing to climate change, and for industry in the search for novel products. Further, we will establish an understanding of past and contemporary migrations and introductions to acquire insights into future diversity and distribution of seaweeds in Canada's three oceans.

生物多样性对于健康的生态系统至关重要，并且是国家财富的关键组成部分，为了管理这一资源，必须从遗传到生态系统层面了解生物多样性，并了解生物多样性。建立清单需要一个记录多样性的分类系统，该分类系统基于关系，还为那些寻求调查物种中具有经济用途的化合物（相关物种具有相关化合物）的人提供了指导。 * 我的主要关注点是我们将使用强大的分子工具来建立我们的当代库存并得出我们对关系的见解，这些工具比可能的解剖学表达更客观。以可塑性的形式受到趋同进化或环境的影响。该研究计划的具体目标包括：*****1) 使用分子工具建立加拿大红藻和棕色大型藻类的第一个综合列表； 2）利用分子系统发育工具关系，以阐明这些谱系内的进化，目的是在全球范围内包括加拿大植物区系的广泛代表性；***3）利用这些全球系统发育假设来建立自然分类并评估性状进化（例如植物性和营养性）生殖解剖学、生活史和碳水化合物类型）；以及***4）生成用于生物地理学和种群遗传分析的分子数据，以探索加拿大三个海岸的近期（更新世）物种形成和迁移。值得注意的是，初步数据表明：加利福尼亚植物群对不列颠哥伦比亚省北部在物种水平上做出了意想不到的贡献（海带输送假说），但尚未在种群水平上进行检验；北太平洋植物群也做出了重大贡献。与大西洋再殖民范式相比，加拿大北极（和大西洋）植物群（跨北极生物交换假说）对我们的北大西洋植物群有重大的避难贡献，有可能：在许多情况下，大西洋两岸的“种群”实际上代表了兄弟物种。******新颖的预期发现：当我们努力了解大型藻类的多样性和关系时，这些结果将为系统学家和自然资源保护主义者提供宝贵的资源，监测介绍此外，我们将了解过去和当代的迁徙和引进，以深入了解加拿大三个地区海藻的未来多样性和分布。海洋。