Water and mass exchanges in mosses: Towards an understanding of the movement of solutes and hydrocarbons

苔藓中的水和质量交换：了解溶质和碳氢化合物的运动

• 批准号: 174626-2013
• 负责人: Price, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 4.15万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690731
• 关键词: Water; mass; exchanges; mosses; Towards

Peatlands comprises ~14% of Canada's land area where climate and landscape result in persistently wet soil conditions. Because of poor oxygen diffusion into wet soil, the vegetation growing there decays slowly when it dies, resulting in the accumulation of organic carbon, or "peat". Peat formation is the largest terrestrial carbon sink, so is of global significance. Peat is dominantly formed by mosses because they are resistant to decay. Many peatlands in Canada are damaged by horticultural peat harvesting and by industrial activities that cause contamination. Understanding the moisture dynamics of mosses and how it affects carbon uptake is one goal of this study. Harvested peatlands can be managed to provide optimal conditions for mosses if we recognize their water needs. Peatlands that have been contaminated by industrial activities, burst pipelines or train derailments require strategies for remediation or protection of adjacent areas. However, knowledge of the transport of chemicals dissolved in water, or of petroleum-based fluids (hydrocarbons) in peatlands, is very poor. With the improved understanding of how water movement occurs in mosses, we can focus on how dissolved substances are transported, and whether they can migrate up the unsaturated moss profile and threaten to kill the mosses. This study examines these transport processes. Finally, with knowledge of transport of dissolved chemicals, this study will examine how hydrocarbons (which do not readily dissolve) move in the moss layer, what processes inhibit movement or encourage its breakdown. The research proposes to focus on a site near Lévis, QC, where in 2004 a freight train derailment spilled ~200,000 litres of gasoline and heating oil onto a bog peatland. The site is still contaminated, but without this study any decisions on how (or if) to remediate it will not be made with a good understanding of the processes.

泥炭地约占加拿大陆地面积的 14%，这里的气候和景观导致土壤条件持续潮湿，由于氧气扩散到潮湿土壤的能力较差，生长在那里的植被在死亡时会缓慢腐烂，导致有机碳或“泥炭”的积累。泥炭地层是最大的陆地碳汇，因此具有全球意义。泥炭地主要由苔藓形成，因为它们具有抗腐烂性，加拿大的许多泥炭地都因园艺泥炭采伐而受到破坏。如果我们认识到被工业污染的泥炭地的水需求，那么了解苔藓的水分动态及其如何影响碳吸收是这项研究的目标之一。然而，对于泥炭地中溶解在水中的化学品或石油基流体（碳氢化合物）的运输的了解非常丰富。随着对苔藓中水运动如何发生的进一步了解，我们可以关注溶解物质如何运输，以及它们是否可以迁移到不饱和的苔藓剖面并威胁杀死苔藓。凭借溶解化学物质运输的知识，这项研究将研究碳氢化合物（不易溶解）如何在苔藓层中移动，哪些过程抑制移动或促进其分解。研究建议将重点放在魁北克省莱维斯附近的一个地点。在2004 年，一列货运列车脱轨，约 200,000 升汽油和取暖油泄漏到沼泽泥炭地上。该地点仍然受到污染，但如果没有这项研究，就无法在充分了解情况的情况下做出如何（或是否）补救的决定。流程。