Enhancing the understanding of microbial transformation of polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and microbial defluorination

增强对多氟烷基化学品的微生物转化和微生物脱氟的理解

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05667
• 负责人: Liu, Jinxia
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=657763
• 关键词: Enhancing; understanding; microbial; transformation; polyfluoroalkyl

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely found in soil and sediment, surface and ground water, as well as our drinking water systems. PFASs, especially the ones originated from aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs), are a significant and constant threat to groundwater quality. Since only a few PFASs among several thousand used in commerce are regulated in Canada, environmental and public health protection agencies are urgently gathering the data required to address the safety and regulatory questions related to many PFASs. Impacted communities worldwide are searching for effective solutions to remediate polluted soil and water systems. Despite multiple C-F bonds in their structure, most of the polyfluoroalkyl chemicals can undergo biotransformation and even defluorinate. Transformation products are found to be complex; some are persistent while others are highly toxic. The failure to identify and monitor many transformation products could lead to a great uncertainty on the environmental impact of PFASs. Therefore, to develop effective strategies for management and remediation of thousands of PFAS contaminated sites, improved understanding of transformation pathways present in microbial systems is warranted. The identity, diversity, and richness of microorganisms, as well as functional genes that are responsible for such transformations, must be explored. ******The overall goal of the research is to elucidate novel processes and mechanisms by which microorganisms break down C-F in polyfluoroalkyl chemicals, and to discover the diversity and identity of such microorganisms. One major focus of the work in my groups is to establish new biotransformation rules through experimental work using model PFASs and to develop prediction capability that can be applied to elucidating the environmental fate of several hundred PFASs detected in the environment. In the meantime, we will use mixed and pure bacterial culture to investigate the mechanisms and limitations of “one-carbon removal pathways”, which microorganisms employ to defluorinate PFASs. We will also be working towards identifying the microbes involved in degrading polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the environment through a culture-independent technique of stable-isotope probing. The interdisciplinary research linking environmental chemistry with microbiology is necessary for generating the insight into the interactions of PFASs with microorganisms or enzymes. The proposed research program will prioritize the training of HQP using an integrated multidisciplinary approach and a collaborative training environment. At least 1 postdoctoral fellow, 2 Ph.D., 2 Master's and 5 undergraduates will be receiving training through this program and obtain the skills and visions that are needed for the Canadian workforce in emerging areas of engineering and applied science.*****

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASS）在土壤和沉积物，表面和地下水以及我们的饮用水系统中广泛发现。 PFAS，尤其是源自水性膜形成泡沫（AFFF）的PFAS，是对地下水质量的巨大威胁。由于在加拿大使用了数千千名商业使用的数千名PFAS，因此环境和公共卫生保护机构迫切地收集了解决与许多PFAS有关的安全性和监管问题所需的数据。全世界受影响的社区正在寻找有效的解决方案，以补救污染的土壤和水系统。尽管其结构中有多个C-F键，但大多数多氟烷基化学物质都可以进行生物转化，甚至可以进行脱氟酸酯。发现转化产品很复杂；有些是持久的，而另一些则是剧毒的。未能识别和监视许多转化产品可能会导致对PFAS的环境影响的极大不确定性。因此，为了制定有效的管理和修复数千个PFA污染的站点的策略，有必要提高对微生物系统中存在的转换途径的了解。必须探索微生物的身份，多样性和丰富性，以及负责这种转化的功能基因。 *****该研究的总体目标是阐明微生物在多氟烷基化学物质中分解C-F的新型过程和机制，并发现此类微生物的多样性和认同。我小组中工作的一个主要重点是通过使用模型PFASS实验性工作来建立新的生物转化规则，并开发可用于阐明环境中发现数百个PFAS的环境命运的预测能力。同时，我们将使用混合和纯种细菌培养物来研究“一碳去除途径”的机制和局限性，微生物使员工将其用于放流PFASS。我们还将努力通过稳定的异位素探测的培养技术来识别环境中降解多氟烷基化学物质的微生物。将环境化学与微生物学联系起来的跨学科研究对于产生对PFAS与微生物或酶相互作用的见解是必要的。拟议的研究计划将使用综合多学科方法和协作培训环境优先考虑HQP的培训。至少有1名博士学位博士学位，2名硕士和5名本科生将通过该计划接受培训，并获得加拿大劳动力在工程和应用科学新兴领域所需的技能和愿景。********** ****