More than transportation: An integrated framework to evaluate how streets serve all users

不仅仅是交通：评估街道如何服务所有用户的综合框架

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06115
• 负责人: Saunier, Nicolas
• 金额: $ 3.72万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690262
• 关键词: More; than; transportation; integrated; framework

We are in the middle of a paradigm shift in transportation with the development and adoption of new technologies, sharing and on-demand services. This is happening during a sizable renewal and densification of urban cores in many North American cities and a push by these cities for more sustainable and active modes of transportation, and for overall improved livability.***For transportation engineering, this means a shift from planning for car-dominant environments to more multimodal and better integrated transportation systems and built environments. This is happening because, in addition to their core goals, the impacts of transportation systems and facilities are evaluated on a growing number of areas: the environment, the economy and the society, including public health and quality of life. A vast array of indicators have thus been derived to measure the performance and impacts of transportation systems and facilities.***This research deals with streets, including the public spaces along them like sidewalks and public squares. On the contrary to roads whose main functions are the (through) movement of motorized vehicles and to a lesser extent access to land and buildings, streets serve other functions and a larger variety of users with different abilities and needs. A third function, the "place" function, may be the most important one and essentially what distinguishes a street from a road. It is related to the propensity to encourage activities and socializing, including strolling, playing, exercising and shopping. In addition, these functions should be fulfilled while minimizing the negative impacts on public health (including accident injuries) and the environment. ***Although there are norms and guides to design streets to serve some of these functions, the framework and the tools are missing to evaluate quickly, continuously and systematically how streets actually operate, based on the observation of all their users. For example, new facilities for non-motorized users are rarely evaluated on more than two criteria, primarily safety, and there is no integrated diagnosis of how well these facilities serve all their functions and all users, nor of what their other impacts are. The main objective of this research program is to develop an original framework and automated methods for the integrated evaluation of the functions of streets and the impacts of their use based on the observation of all users.

随着新技术、共享和按需服务的开发和采用，我们正处于交通运输领域的范式转变之中。这种情况发生在许多北美城市的城市核心进行大规模更新和致密化的过程中，这些城市正在推动更可持续和更积极的交通方式，并全面改善宜居性。***对于交通工程来说，这意味着从将汽车主导的环境规划为更加多式联运和更好的综合交通系统和建筑环境。之所以发生这种情况，是因为除了核心目标之外，交通系统和设施的影响也在越来越多的领域进行评估：环境、经济和社会，包括公共卫生和生活质量。因此得出了大量指标来衡量交通系统和设施的性能和影响。***这项研究涉及街道，包括街道沿线的公共空间，如人行道和公共广场。道路的主要功能是机动车辆的（通过）移动以及在较小程度上进入土地和建筑物，与道路相反，街道服务于其他功能和具有不同能力和需求的更多类型的用户。第三个功能，即“地点”功能，可能是最重要的功能，也是街道与道路的本质区别。它与鼓励活动和社交的倾向有关，包括散步、玩耍、锻炼和购物。此外，在履行这些功能的同时，应尽量减少对公众健康（包括事故伤害）和环境的负面影响。 ***虽然有设计街道来服务其中一些功能的规范和指南，但缺乏框架和工具来根据所有用户的观察快速、持续和系统地评估街道的实际运作方式。例如，针对非机动用户的新设施很少根据两个以上的标准进行评估，主要是安全性，并且没有对这些设施为其所有功能和所有用户提供服务的情况以及它们的其他影响进行综合诊断。该研究计划的主要目标是开发一个原始框架和自动化方法，根据所有用户的观察来综合评估街道的功能及其使用的影响。