Cellular and molecular mechanisms by which fatty acids regulate adipose tissue metabolism.

脂肪酸调节脂肪组织代谢的细胞和分子机制。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05098
• 负责人: Mutch, David
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684582
• 关键词: Cellular; molecular; mechanisms; fatty; acids

While fat in the diet is an important source of energy, there is a lot of confusion in our society about which fats are "good" and which ones are "bad". A big part of the problem has been the tendency to group different fats together and then make general statements about them. For example, it is widely believed that all saturated fats are bad, but recent work by my lab and others suggests otherwise. While some saturated fats cause inflammation, some do not; this is important because inflammation can cause a break down in how the body handles sugars and fats. One of the major sources of inflammation in the body is fat tissue.***The goal of this work is to study how different dietary fats cause fat tissue inflammation, and whether this is affected by a key gene (called SCD1). We believe that SCD1 not only has a role in metabolism, but also helps to prevent inflammation caused by some saturated fats. In other words, the inflammation caused by some saturated fats will be worse when SCD1 is not functioning. We will study this interesting idea in several ways. First, fat cells (that either have SCD1 or not) grown in culture will be treated with different dietary fats and we will then examine genes and proteins linked with inflammation. Fat cells release proteins (called adipokines) that essentially communicate with other cells and tissues in the body. Some adipokines cause inflammation and others prevent inflammation. After treating fat cells (that either have SCD1 or not) with different dietary fats, we will examine which adipokines are released from these cells. We will also do similar studies using fat tissue collected from mice that do not have SCD1. Second, we will feed mice (that either have SCD1 or not) diets that differ in saturated fat content and examine fat tissue inflammation. ***Altogether, these studies will lead to a better understanding of how SCD1 controls the impact of dietary fats on inflammation. In addition, this important work will help Canadians better appreciate the different roles of different saturated fats, which we feel will reduce confusion in the area. As well, this research will provide excellent training opportunities to students who would like to improve their knowledge of nutrition and biology.********

虽然饮食中的脂肪是重要的能量来源，但我们社会中的脂肪是“好”而哪些脂肪“不好”的混乱。问题的很大一部分是倾向于将不同的脂肪分组在一起，然后对它们进行一般性陈述。例如，人们普遍认为所有饱和脂肪都不好，但是我的实验室和其他人的最新工作建议。虽然有些饱和脂肪会引起炎症，但有些却不会。这很重要，因为炎症会导致身体如何处理糖和脂肪的分解。体内炎症的主要来源之一是脂肪组织。我们认为，SCD1不仅在代谢中起作用，而且有助于防止某些饱和脂肪引起的炎症。换句话说，当SCD1无法正常运行时，由某些饱和脂肪引起的炎症会更糟。我们将以几种方式研究这个有趣的想法。首先，在培养物中生长的脂肪细胞（是否具有SCD1）将用不同的饮食脂肪治疗，然后我们将检查与炎症有关的基因和蛋白质。脂肪细胞释放蛋白质（称为脂肪因子），该蛋白质基本上与体内其他细胞和组织进行通信。一些脂肪因子会引起炎症，而另一些脂肪因子会阻止炎症。在用不同的饮食脂肪处理脂肪细胞（是否具有SCD1）后，我们将检查哪些细胞释放出哪些脂肪因子。我们还将使用没有SCD1的小鼠收集的脂肪组织进行类似的研究。其次，我们将喂养饱和脂肪含量不同并检查脂肪组织炎症的小鼠（是否具有SCD1）饮食。 ***总的来说，这些研究将使人们更好地了解SCD1如何控制饮食脂肪对炎症的影响。此外，这项重要的工作将帮助加拿大人更好地欣赏不同饱和脂肪的不同作用，我们认为这将减少该地区的混乱。同样，这项研究将为希望提高营养和生物学知识的学生提供极好的培训机会。********