Cellular and molecular mechanisms by which fatty acids regulate adipose tissue metabolism.

脂肪酸调节脂肪组织代谢的细胞和分子机制。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05098
• 负责人: Mutch, David
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684582
• 关键词: Cellular; molecular; mechanisms; fatty; acids

While fat in the diet is an important source of energy, there is a lot of confusion in our society about which fats are "good" and which ones are "bad". A big part of the problem has been the tendency to group different fats together and then make general statements about them. For example, it is widely believed that all saturated fats are bad, but recent work by my lab and others suggests otherwise. While some saturated fats cause inflammation, some do not; this is important because inflammation can cause a break down in how the body handles sugars and fats. One of the major sources of inflammation in the body is fat tissue.***The goal of this work is to study how different dietary fats cause fat tissue inflammation, and whether this is affected by a key gene (called SCD1). We believe that SCD1 not only has a role in metabolism, but also helps to prevent inflammation caused by some saturated fats. In other words, the inflammation caused by some saturated fats will be worse when SCD1 is not functioning. We will study this interesting idea in several ways. First, fat cells (that either have SCD1 or not) grown in culture will be treated with different dietary fats and we will then examine genes and proteins linked with inflammation. Fat cells release proteins (called adipokines) that essentially communicate with other cells and tissues in the body. Some adipokines cause inflammation and others prevent inflammation. After treating fat cells (that either have SCD1 or not) with different dietary fats, we will examine which adipokines are released from these cells. We will also do similar studies using fat tissue collected from mice that do not have SCD1. Second, we will feed mice (that either have SCD1 or not) diets that differ in saturated fat content and examine fat tissue inflammation. ***Altogether, these studies will lead to a better understanding of how SCD1 controls the impact of dietary fats on inflammation. In addition, this important work will help Canadians better appreciate the different roles of different saturated fats, which we feel will reduce confusion in the area. As well, this research will provide excellent training opportunities to students who would like to improve their knowledge of nutrition and biology.********

虽然饮食中的脂肪是重要的能量来源，但我们的社会对于哪些脂肪是“好”、哪些脂肪是“坏”存在很多困惑。问题的一个重要部分是倾向于将不同的脂肪组合在一起，然后对它们做出一般性的陈述。例如，人们普遍认为所有饱和脂肪都是不好的，但我的实验室和其他人最近的研究表明事实并非如此。有些饱和脂肪会引起炎症，有些则不会；这很重要，因为炎症会导致身体处理糖和脂肪的方式崩溃。体内炎症的主要来源之一是脂肪组织。***这项工作的目标是研究不同的膳食脂肪如何导致脂肪组织炎症，以及这是否受到关键基因（称为 SCD1）的影响。我们认为SCD1不仅在新陈代谢中发挥作用，还有助于预防某些饱和脂肪引起的炎症。换句话说，当SCD1不发挥作用时，某些饱和脂肪引起的炎症会更严重。我们将以多种方式研究这个有趣的想法。首先，在培养物中生长的脂肪细胞（无论是否具有 SCD1）将用不同的膳食脂肪进行处理，然后我们将检查与炎症相关的基因和蛋白质。脂肪细胞释放蛋白质（称为脂肪因子），这些蛋白质本质上与体内的其他细胞和组织进行交流。一些脂肪因子引起炎症，另一些则预防炎症。用不同的膳食脂肪处理脂肪细胞（无论是否含有 SCD1）后，我们将检查这些细胞释放哪些脂肪因子。我们还将使用从没有 SCD1 的小鼠身上收集的脂肪组织进行类似的研究。其次，我们将给小鼠（无论是否有 SCD1）喂食饱和脂肪含量不同的饮食，并检查脂肪组织炎症。 ***总而言之，这些研究将有助于更好地了解 SCD1 如何控制膳食脂肪对炎症的影响。此外，这项重要的工作将帮助加拿大人更好地理解不同饱和脂肪的不同作用，我们认为这将减少该领域的混乱。此外，这项研究将为想要提高营养和生物学知识的学生提供极好的培训机会。********