Multi-scale controls of soil water dynamics and connectivity

土壤水动态和连通性的多尺度控制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04100
• 负责人: Biswas, Asim
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=683179
• 关键词: Multi; scale; controls; soil; water

Although soil water represents <0.001 of water in the global hydrological cycle, it is a life-sustaining resource for all inhabitants of Earth's terrestrial ecosystems. Food, fiber and fuel production is strongly dependent on the availability of soil water for plants. It also determines various ecosystem services such as food and freshwater, regulates flood, and controls the solubility and transport of agrochemicals and wastes (via runoff). Understanding how storage and transport of soil water and soluble materials within the soil water (e.g. nutrients, agrochemicals) occurs requires knowledge about how fast water travels (as surface and subsurface runoff) and which path it takes to reach streams and rivers. However, these processes are often disrupted by preferential flow paths that create (dis)connection between different points. I refer this (dis)connection in transport processes as `soil water connectivity'. Examining the connectivity is essential for a number of important fundamental and applied problems that have emerged in the geoscience including the role of soil water dynamics in global water cycle and protection of surface water bodies from pollution.**The proposed research focuses on the connectivity of soil water within the vadose zone (root zone) and will use advanced field and laboratory based tools and computer models. During this grant period, my core research questions are: 1) what exactly is connectivity, 2) how can we define, measure, and model connectivity, and 3) can we relate the connectivity to recent research? These questions will be examined through four testable hypotheses in studies conducted by 3 PhD and 2 MSc students with the help of 4 undergraduate summer interns over the next 5 year.**These studies will 1) better define the dynamics of soil water connectivity at different scales within a catchment which will lead to soil water being included in more hydrologic, climate and land-surface models and 2) show the critical nature of soil water for flood management (through the onset of runoff, flow connections), diffuse pollution mitigation and thus the improvement of environmental health. Over the long term, the research program will address fundamental questions about vadose zone hydrological dynamics at multiple spatial/temporal scales and their participation in the global water cycle. This research program will maintain and build Canada's profile in water resources management, which is particularly relevant today due to the global concern about sustaining the supply of potable water and protecting fresh water bodies from pollution, for human and environmental health.

尽管土壤水在全球水文循环中仅占水的<0.001，但它是地球陆地生态系统所有居民的维持生命的资源。粮食、纤维和燃料的生产在很大程度上取决于植物所需的土壤水的可用性。它还决定各种生态系统服务，例如食物和淡水，调节洪水，并控制农用化学品和废物的溶解度和运输（通过径流）。了解土壤水和土壤水中可溶性物质（例如养分、农用化学品）的储存和运输需要了解水的流动速度（作为地表和地下径流）以及到达溪流和河流的路径。然而，这些过程经常被优先流动路径破坏，从而在不同点之间创建（断开）连接。我将运输过程中的这种（断开）联系称为“土壤与水的连通性”。检查连通性对于地球科学中出现的许多重要的基础和应用问题至关重要，包括土壤水动力学在全球水循环中的作用以及保护地表水体免受污染。**拟议的研究重点是渗流区（根区）内的土壤水，将使用先进的现场和实验室工具和计算机模型。在这个资助期间，我的核心研究问题是：1）连通性到底是什么，2）我们如何定义、测量和建模连通性，以及3）我们能否将连通性与最近的研究联系起来？这些问题将通过 3 名博士生和 2 名硕士生在 4 名本科生暑期实习生的帮助下在未来 5 年进行的研究中的四个可检验的假设进行检验。**这些研究将 1) 更好地定义不同条件下土壤水连通性的动态。流域内的尺度，这将导致土壤水被纳入更多的水文、气候和地表模型中，2) 显示土壤水对于洪水管理（通过径流的出现、水流连接）、扩散污染缓解和因此改善环境健康。从长远来看，该研究计划将解决有关多个空间/时间尺度的包气带水文动力学及其参与全球水循环的基本问题。该研究计划将维持和建立加拿大在水资源管理方面的形象，由于全球关注维持饮用水供应和保护淡水水体免受污染，以确保人类和环境健康，这一点在当今尤为重要。