The contribution of behaviour to the population and fisheries ecology of the American lobster Homarus americanus

美洲龙虾行为对种群和渔业生态的贡献

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04616
• 负责人: Rochette, Rémy
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682852
• 关键词: contribution; behaviour; population; fisheries; ecology

The behaviour (sensu lato) of individuals, and its variation over space and time, affects the structure and dynamics of populations, but is not explicitly considered by the traditional approaches used to study and model animal populations. There has recently been a marked increase in the use of “individual-based” models to study animal populations, where the characteristics of populations emerge as a result of the behaviour (s.l.) (e.g., movements, growth) and interaction of discrete individuals. These individual-based approaches have shed considerable light on demographic patterns and processes in nature. In the marine environment, for example, individual-based spatially explicit bio-physical models have shown considerable potential for predicting larval dispersal in different species of invertebrates and fishes, and have revealed that larval behaviour can markedly limit dispersal (i.e., increase retention) from an area, which in turn can markedly affect demographic and genetic connectivity. These biophysical models are based on physical properties of the environment (e.g., current, temperature) and the biology of individuals of the species of interest (e.g., development at different temperatures, mortality rates, swimming behaviour). Despite these important advances, the role of behaviour in modulating patterns and dynamics of populations is still largely unknown for most species. ******In this Discovery Grant I propose to bring my established research program on the causes and consequences of geographic variation in the phenotype of marine invertebrates to the study of stock structure and connectivity in the American lobster, Homarus americanus, which supports the single-most important fishery in Canada, in terms of landed value and employment. My students and I will quantify variation in i) embryo development rate, ii) embryo size at hatch, iii) larval swimming behaviour, and iv) larval settlement behaviour, among individuals of the same brood (i.e., a same female), different broods (i.e., different females) from the same location, and different broods from different locations throughout the species' range. We will conduct lab and field studies to address different hypotheses concerning the mechanisms and evolutionary significance of this variation, and will use an individual-based bio-physical model to assess its impact on larval dispersal and connectivity between management areas. This research will provide new knowledge and understanding of the patterns, mechanisms, functions and demographic consequences of phenotypic variation in early life stages of American lobsters. It will advance our understanding of the contribution of behavioural and evolutionary ecology to animal populations, and will provide information that is germane to harvesters and managers concerning lobster stock structure and connectivity between management areas.

个体的行为（感觉）及其随空间和时间的变化会影响种群的结构和动态，但用于研究和建模动物种群的传统方法并未明确考虑到最近种群数量的显着增加。使用“基于个体”的模型来研究动物种群，其中种群的特征是由于离散个体的行为（例如运动、生长）和相互作用而出现的，这些基于个体的方法已经摆脱了相当大的影响。人口模式和过程的光例如，在海洋环境中，基于个体的空间明确的生物物理模型在预测不同种类的无脊椎动物和鱼类中的幼虫扩散方面显示出巨大的潜力，并表明幼虫行为可以显着限制扩散（即增加保留）。 ），这反过来又可以显着影响人口统计和遗传连通性。这些生物物理模型基于环境的物理特性（例如电流、温度）和感兴趣个体的物种生物学。 （例如，不同温度下的发育、死亡率、游泳行为）尽管有这些重要进展，但对于大多数物种来说，行为在调节模式和动态方面的作用仍然很大程度上未知。建议将我已建立的关于海洋无脊椎动物表型地理变异的原因和后果的研究计划纳入美洲龙虾种群结构和连通性的研究，该龙虾支持加拿大最重要的渔业，土地价值和就业。我和我的学生将量化同一窝个体（即同一雌性）和不同窝个体之间 i) 胚胎发育率、ii) 孵化时胚胎大小、iii) 幼虫游泳行为和 iv) 幼虫定居行为的变化（即不同的雌性）来自同一地点，以及来自整个物种范围内不同地点的不同巢穴，我们将进行实验室和实地研究，以解决有关这种变异的机制和进化意义的不同假设，并将使用。一个基于个体的生物物理模型，用于评估其对幼虫扩散和管理区域之间连通性的影响。这项研究将为美国龙虾生命早期阶段表型变异的模式、机制、功能和人口统计后果提供新的知识和理解。它将加深我们对行为和进化生态学对动物种群的贡献的理解，并将为捕捞者和管理者提供有关龙虾种群结构和管理区域之间的连通性的密切信息。