Molecular Basis of Structural Studies, Phytochemical Characterization and Nutritional Evaluation of New Modified Alfalfa (with "HB", "TT8" and "miR156" Genes) Developed through Gene Transformation and Gene Modification in Ruminant Livestock Systems

通过反刍家畜系统中的基因转化和基因修饰开发的新型改良苜蓿（带有“HB”、“TT8”和“miR156”基因）的结构研究、植物化学特征和营养评价的分子基础

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03810
• 负责人: Yu, Peiqiang
• 金额: $ 3.84万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=669441
• 关键词: Molecular; Basis; Structural; Studies; Phytochemical

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forages in the world. Its nutritional quality can be improved through three approaches: (1) Gene-transformation and/or gene modification to make alfalfa produce an optimal level of proanthocynidins; (2) Modification of lignin conformation through changing biosynthesis pathway in complex cell wall to reduce lignin impact on nutrient availability; and (3) Modification of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway to reduce hydroxycinnamic acid compounds in complex cell wall of alfalfa.*Recently, three newly developed gene-modified alfalfa genotypes ("HB", "TT8" and "miR156" genes) have became available. It is expected that these genes may result in producing proanthocynidins, affect lignin and hydroxycinnamic acid biosynthesis pathway and reduce lignin and hydroxycinnamic acid levels, and modify lignin conformation in complex cell wall. This should, in turn, benefit the degree of change in rumen degradation kinetics, allow for an optimized nutrient degradation ratio, improve nutrient availability and result in the reduction and prevention of bloat and other digestive disorders.*The objective of this program is to attain a comprehensive understanding of the new "HB", "TT8" and "miR156"gene transformation and gene modification that influence alfalfa's intrinsic structure on a molecular basis as well as nitrogen metabolism, microbial nitrogen accumulation, rumen microbial activity, and the efficiency of nitrogen utilization in complex ruminant systems. This project will provide important information to assist the development of super genotypes of alfalfa. A series of experiments combining advanced molecular biotechnology, synchrotron molecular techniques as well as in vitro, in vivo and modeling experimental approaches will be conducted to address the stated hypothesis and objectives. The training of Highly Qualified Personnel  (HQP) will take place through this proposal. This research program has been designed to be suitable for the training of both M.Sc. and Ph.D. students.*The proposed research will contribute significantly to our knowledge in a comprehensive understanding of the gene transformation and modification that influence alfalfa's intrinsic molecular structure, molecular structure and nutrient utilization interaction in complex rumen system. In the long-term, it is estimated (in a report by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) that a $2-4B annual cost savings will be realized for the $8-12B Canadian dairy and beef cattle industry through the development of final super genotypes of alfalfa.******

苜蓿（Medicago Sativa L.）是世界上最重要的饲料之一。可以通过三种方法提高其营养质量：（1）基因转化和/或基因修饰，使苜蓿产生最佳水平的proanthocynidins； （2）通过改变复杂细胞壁中的生物合成途径来修饰木质素构象，以减少木质素对养分的影响； （3）修饰苯基丙烷生物合成途径，以减少苜蓿复杂细胞壁中羟基霉素化合物的化合物。可以预期，这些基因可能会导致phe脚蛋白，影响木质素和羟基霉素酸生物合成途径，并降低木质素和羟基霉素水平，并修饰复杂细胞壁中的木质素构象。反过来，这应该使瘤胃降解动力学的变化程度受益于优化的养分降解率，提高养分的可用性并导致减少血液和其他消化疾病的减少和预防。分子的结构以及氮代谢，微生物氮的积累，瘤胃微生物活性以及氮利用在复杂反刍动物系统中的疗效。该项目将提供重要的信息，以帮助开发苜蓿的超级基因型。将进行一系列结合晚期分子生物技术，同步分子技术以及体外，体内和建模实验方法的实验，以解决既定的假设和目标。高素质人员（HQP）的培训将通过此提案进行。该研究计划旨在适用于M.Sc的培训。和博士学生。*拟议的研究将对我们的知识产生重大贡献，以全面地理解基因转化和修饰，从而影响苜蓿的内在分子结构，分子结构和在复杂瘤胃系统中的营养利用率相互作用。从长远来看，估计（在加拿大农业和农业食品的一份报告中），通过开发Alfalfa的最终超级基因型。