Plasma Physics and Engineering for Fusion Research and other Applications

用于聚变研究和其他应用的等离子体物理与工程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05605
• 负责人: Xiao, Chijin
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=669041
• 关键词: Plasma; Physics; Engineering; Fusion; Research

Plasma Physics and Engineering for Fusion Research and other Applications -- Plasma is an ionized gas or the fourth state of matter. When a solid (such as ice) is successively heated, it will become liquid then gas. When more heat is added to the gas, the electrons usually belonging to certain atoms will be stripped off and become free electrons. This mixture of negative electrons, positive and negative ions, molecules and neutral particles is called a plasma. Plasma exists in nature, such as the burning surface of the sun, the aurora borealis, and lightning, as well as in man-made devices, such as in fluorescence light tubes and plasma TV screens. Other types of plasma devices are used for industrial applications. For example, all integrated circuit chips used in computers or cellphones must use plasma to etch fine and deep grooves. Plasmas are also used for thin film deposition or ion implantation for industrial and biomedical applications. The temperatures of the plasmas used for those purposes are relatively low. On the other end of the spectrum, hot plasmas are used to create a condition to extract fusion energy which uses abundant, practically inexhaustible fuels heated to hundreds of millions degrees in the fusion reactor core. Those hot and dense plasma fuels are primarily held together with strong magnetic fields within a vacuum chamber. The most promising device is called Tokamak. There are several issues that have hindered realization of the fusion energy reactors that offers safe energy source without carbon gas emission and with practically unlimited fuel from the sea water. For example, the confinement needs to be improved to achieve ignition condition for the reactor. The fuel has to be sent to the core of the reactor from outside. The materials used as the plasma facing components in the vacuum chamber must withstand high heat load as well as neutron bombardment from the fusion plasma.******University of Saskatchewan operates the STOR-M tokamak, a compact torus injector, and a dense plasma focus (DPF) device. Those devices exist only at the University of Saskatchewan within Canada. The proposed research will be carried out on the two devices. STOR-M will be used to study plasma confinement, the Compact torus Injector will be used study the innovative fuel technology for tokamak reactors. The dense plasma focus device will be used as a testing facility to study the materials intended for fusion reactor components. On STOR-M, plasma confinement, plasma rotation speed will be studied. Improved confinement will help the tokamak to achieve the burning condition required for future fusion reactor and to improve the efficiency of the reactor. ***The University of Saskatchewan has conducted plasma research for over 40 years and used plasma for plasma aided material syntheses for over 20 years. The proposed research will help maintain Canadian expertise in fusion energy research and to train young talents. **

融合研究和其他应用的等离子体物理和工程 - 等离子体是电离气体或物质的第四个状态。当固体（例如冰）被连续加热时，它将变成液体然后加热。当将更多的热量添加到气体中时，通常属于某些原子的电子将被剥离并成为游离电子。阴性电子，正离子，分子和中性颗粒的混合物称为血浆。血浆在自然界中存在，例如太阳的燃烧表面，北极光，闪电以及人造设备，例如荧光灯管和等离子电视屏幕。其他类型的等离子体设备用于工业应用。例如，计算机或手机中使用的所有集成电路芯片都必须使用等离子体来蚀刻细和深凹槽。等离子体也用于用于工业和生物医学应用的薄膜沉积或离子植入。用于这些目的的等离子体的温度相对较低。另一端，热等离子体用于创建一种条件来提取融合能，该融合能使用丰富的，实际上无穷无尽的燃料在融合反应堆芯中加热至数亿度。那些热的血浆燃料主要与真空室内的强磁场一起固定在一起。 最有前途的设备称为Tokamak。有几个问题阻碍了融合能源反应堆的实现，这些反应器提供了安全的能源，而无需碳气体排放，并且几乎没有海水中的无限燃料。例如，需要改进限制以实现反应堆的点火条件。燃料必须从外部发送到反应堆的核心。用作真空室中的等离子体面向组件的材料必须承受高热负荷以及融合等离子体的中子轰击。这些设备仅存在于加拿大境内的萨斯喀彻温大学。 拟议的研究将在两个设备上进行。 Stor-M将用于研究血浆限制，紧凑型圆环注射器将用于研究Tokamak反应堆创新的燃料技术。密集的等离子体焦点设备将用作测试设施，以研究用于融合反应器组件的材料。在Stor-M上，将研究等离子体限制，等离子体旋转速度。改进的限制将有助于Tokamak达到未来融合反应堆所需的燃烧条件并提高反应器的效率。 ***萨斯喀彻温大学进行了40多年的血浆研究，并使用血浆进行血浆辅助材料合成20多年。拟议的研究将有助于维持加拿大融合能源研究的专业知识并培训年轻的才能。 **