"Hot" and "cold" decision making in younger and older adults

年轻人和老年人的“热”和“冷”决策

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04455
• 负责人: Spaniol, Julia
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: Ryerson University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=665684
• 关键词: Hot; cold; decision; making; younger

Choices we make "in the heat of the moment" are often different from those we make while "cool and collected." Examples include unsafe sex, impulse purchases and ill-considered online behaviour. Does the influence of arousal on decision making change as we get older?******Normal aging is associated with decline in the structural and functional integrity of neural networks that support "cold" cognitive functions such as attention and cognitive control. In contrast, brain circuits involved in arousal show relatively little age-related change. Despite significant advances in the growing discipline of "decision neuroscience of aging" in recent years, the field still lacks a comprehensive account of how hot and cold functions shape decisions across the adult lifespan.******The proposed studies will be the first to systematically examine the effects of emotional arousal on decisions about financial gains and losses in younger and older adults. Research hypotheses are derived from recent literature indicating that arousal may narrow attention, and that aging may be associated with a reduced arousal response to loss prospects. The studies will use a novel arousal-modulated decision task that confronts decision makers with realistic financial choices. Using a multi-method approach (choice behaviour and subjective ratings; EEG; eye tracking; and functional magnetic resonance imaging), the proposed studies will address four novel research questions:******1) How does arousal affect the influence of key decision factors (temporal delay and risk) on decisions about potential gains and losses in younger and older adults?***2) What are the temporal dynamics of early arousal-modulated decision processes in younger and older adults?***3) How does arousal modulate activity in functional brain networks involved in gain- and loss-related decisions?***4) Do laboratory measures of arousal-biased decision making predict real-world decision making?******Answering these fundamental questions will significantly advance knowledge within the decision neuroscience of aging. Findings from the proposed studies will also inform innovation in the design of age-appropriate decision tools, with the potential to support adaptive choices in important domains such as healthcare and finance.

我们做出的选择“在当下的热量中”通常与我们在“凉爽和收集”时做出的选择。例子包括不安全的性，冲动购买和不考虑的在线行为。随着年龄的增长，唤醒对决策变化的影响吗？******正常衰老与支持“冷”认知功能（如注意力和认知控制）的神经网络的结构和功能完整性的下降有关。相比之下，涉及唤醒的脑回路显示出相对较少的与年龄相关的变化。尽管近年来“衰老的决策神经科学”的日益增长的学科取得了重大进步，但该领域仍然缺乏对成人寿命中如何塑造整个成人寿命的决策的全面说明。研究假设源自最近的文献，表明唤醒可能会狭窄，并且衰老可能与对损失前景的唤醒反应减少有关。这些研究将使用一项新颖的唤醒决策任务，该任务与现实的财务选择面对决策者。 Using a multi-method approach (choice behaviour and subjective ratings; EEG; eye tracking; and functional magnetic resonance imaging), the proposed studies will address four novel research questions:******1) How does arousal affect the influence of key decision factors (temporal delay and risk) on decisions about potential gains and losses in younger and older adults?***2) What are the temporal dynamics of early arousal-modulated decision processes in younger and older成年人？*** 3）如何在与增益和损失相关的决策中涉及功能性的大脑网络中的唤醒活动？*** 4）实验室唤醒偏见的决策的实验室测量是否可以预测现实世界的决策？******回答这些基本问题将在老化的决策神经科学中显着提高知识。拟议研究的发现还将为设计适合年龄的决策工具设计创新，并有可能支持重要领域的自适应选择，例如医疗保健和金融。