Winter carbon losses in wetland ecosystem under current and future climates

当前和未来气候下湿地生态系统的冬季碳损失

• 批准号: 536050-2018
• 负责人: Rezanezhad, Fereidoun
• 金额: $ 8.99万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=663268
• 关键词: Winter; carbon; losses; wetland; ecosystem

High latitude cold regions, including Arctic and northern areas of Canada, are warming more than twice as fast**as the rest of the planet, with the greatest warming occurring during the winter. Given that a major process**responsible for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, microbial respiration, increases with warming even at**sub-zero temperatures, winter is a critical period for carbon cycling. Consequently, CO2 emissions during the**non-growing season (NGS; fall, winter, spring) are expected to increase as the climate warms. However, there**is large uncertainty in estimates of current NGS CO2 emissions from cold region ecosystems. Canada's**temperate to subarctic wetlands and permafrost peatlands hold large stores of carbon which are susceptible to**loss under future climate warming scenarios. Therefore, understanding the factors which regulate the processes**controlling greenhouse gas emissions during the NGS is critical for predicting the fate of these vulnerable**carbon stocks and for creating climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. With a focus on these critical**ecosystems, we bring together Canadian leaders from multiple disciplines from across universities with federal**government scientists and policy makers to determine the drivers of NGS carbon cycling, develop**process-based environmental models, and estimate CO2 emissions. In doing so, we will address the knowledge**gaps on NGS emissions to provide data and tools to evaluate the impact of winter warming mitigation in**controlling carbon losses from pan-Canadian wetland ecosystems. Through a combination of historical data**synthesis, laboratory experiments and modelling, the proposed research will focus on 1) determining the**hydrological and climatic factors driving microbial NGS carbon cycling; and 2) integrating the information and**data gained into models describing the underlying processes controlling NGS emissions for incorporation into**the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). This will advance our ability to track**and predict carbon fluxes in cold regions wetland ecosystems and make improved, evidence-based**recommendations to estimate winter carbon losses and evaluate mitigation strategies.

高纬度寒冷地区，包括北极和加拿大北部地区，变暖速度是地球其他地区的两倍以上**，其中冬季变暖最为严重。鉴于微生物呼吸是造成二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放的主要过程，即使在零度以下的情况下也会随着变暖而增加，因此冬季是碳循环的关键时期。因此，随着气候变暖，非生长季节（NGS；秋季、冬季、春季）的二氧化碳排放量预计会增加。然而，目前NGS对寒冷地区生态系统二氧化碳排放量的估计存在很大的不确定性。加拿大的**温带至亚北极湿地和永久冻土泥炭地储存了大量的碳，这些碳在未来气候变暖的情况下很容易流失。因此，了解 NGS 期间控制温室气体排放过程**的因素对于预测这些脆弱**碳库的命运以及制定气候适应和缓解战略至关重要。以这些关键的**生态系统为重点，我们将加拿大各大学多个学科的领导者与联邦**政府科学家和政策制定者聚集在一起，以确定 NGS 碳循环的驱动因素，开发**基于过程的环境模型，并估计二氧化碳排放量。在此过程中，我们将解决 NGS 排放方面的知识差距，提供数据和工具来评估减缓冬季变暖对控制泛加拿大湿地生态系统碳损失的影响。通过结合历史数据**合成、实验室实验和建模，拟议的研究将重点关注：1）确定**水文和气候因素驱动微生物NGS碳循环； 2) 将获得的信息和**数据整合到描述控制 NGS 排放的基本过程的模型中，以便纳入**加拿大林业部门碳预算模型 (CBM-CFS)。这将提高我们跟踪**和预测寒冷地区湿地生态系统碳通量的能力，并提出改进的、基于证据的**建议来估计冬季碳损失和评估缓解策略。