Winter carbon losses in wetland ecosystem under current and future climates

当前和未来气候下湿地生态系统的冬季碳损失

• 批准号: 536050-2018
• 负责人: Rezanezhad, Fereidoun
• 金额: $ 11.77万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=699164
• 关键词: Winter; carbon; losses; wetland; ecosystem

High latitude cold regions, including Arctic and northern areas of Canada, are warming more than twice as fast as the rest of the planet, with the greatest warming occurring during the winter. Given that a major process responsible for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, microbial respiration, increases with warming even at sub-zero temperatures, winter is a critical period for carbon cycling. Consequently, CO2 emissions during the non-growing season (NGS; fall, winter, spring) are expected to increase as the climate warms. However, there is large uncertainty in estimates of current NGS CO2 emissions from cold region ecosystems. Canada's temperate to subarctic wetlands and permafrost peatlands hold large stores of carbon which are susceptible to loss under future climate warming scenarios. Therefore, understanding the factors which regulate the processes controlling greenhouse gas emissions during the NGS is critical for predicting the fate of these vulnerable carbon stocks and for creating climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. With a focus on these critical ecosystems, we bring together Canadian leaders from multiple disciplines from across universities with federal government scientists and policy makers to determine the drivers of NGS carbon cycling, develop process-based environmental models, and estimate CO2 emissions. In doing so, we will address the knowledge gaps on NGS emissions to provide data and tools to evaluate the impact of winter warming mitigation in controlling carbon losses from pan-Canadian wetland ecosystems. Through a combination of historical data synthesis, laboratory experiments and modelling, the proposed research will focus on 1) determining the hydrological and climatic factors driving microbial NGS carbon cycling; and 2) integrating the information and data gained into models describing the underlying processes controlling NGS emissions for incorporation into the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). This will advance our ability to track and predict carbon fluxes in cold regions wetland ecosystems and make improved, evidence-based recommendations to estimate winter carbon losses and evaluate mitigation strategies.

高纬度寒冷地区，包括北极和加拿大北部地区，变暖速度是其两倍多 与地球其他地区一样，最严重的变暖发生在冬季。考虑到一个主要过程 造成二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放、微生物呼吸的原因，即使在 冬季气温低于零度，是碳循环的关键时期。因此，期间的二氧化碳排放量 随着气候变暖，非生长季节（NGS；秋季、冬季、春季）预计会增加。然而，有 目前NGS对寒冷地区生态系统二氧化碳排放量的估计存在很大的不确定性。加拿大的 温带至亚北极湿地和永久冻土泥炭地储存了大量的碳，很容易受到 未来气候变暖情景下的损失。因此，了解调节过程的因素 在 NGS 期间控制温室气体排放对于预测这些弱势群体的命运至关重要 碳储量以及制定气候适应和缓解战略。重点关注这些关键 生态系统，我们将来自各大学的多个学科的加拿大领导人与联邦 政府科学家和政策制定者确定 NGS 碳循环的驱动因素，制定 基于过程的环境模型，并估算二氧化碳排放量。在此过程中，我们将解决知识 NGS 排放差距，以提供数据和工具来评估减缓冬季变暖的影响 控制泛加拿大湿地生态系统的碳损失。通过结合历史数据 合成、实验室实验和建模，拟议的研究将侧重于 1) 确定 驱动微生物NGS碳循环的水文和气候因素； 2）整合信息和 模型中获得的数据描述了控制 NGS 排放的基本过程，以便纳入 加拿大林业部门碳预算模型 (CBM-CFS)。这将提高我们的追踪能力 预测寒冷地区湿地生态系统的碳通量，并做出改进的、基于证据的 估计冬季碳损失和评估缓解策略的建议。