Using genomics to characterize and maintain genetic variation in heritage chicken breeds

利用基因组学来表征和维持传统鸡品种的遗传变异

• 批准号: 532627-2018
• 负责人: Plastow, Graham
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Engage Grants Program
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662301
• 关键词: Using; genomics; characterize; maintain; genetic

In the past 50 years, poultry production has seen a steep increase in productivity due to rigorous trait selection**by breeders. The resulting modern strains are well suited to survive under commercial conditions where**management (e.g., vaccination, controlled environment, antibiotics, nutrition) plays a large role in the**efficiencies of production. At the same time, consumers are increasingly interested in production practices**(e.g., including antimicrobial resistance) and in maintaining their own backyard flocks. A concern that arises**with this 'old is new' again practice of backyard flocks is that commercial strains have been developed to thrive**under commercial settings, and there may be animal welfare, food safety, and environmental sustainability**concerns in these environments. Heritage lines of chickens (e.g., breeds of chickens maintained, unselected)**played a large role in the evolution of the poultry industry in Canada. The "Rare Poultry Conservancy Program"**was started in 1965 involving six breeds of chickens. These populations as well as two additional heritage**breeds are housed at the Poultry Research Centre at the University of Alberta. This project will use genomics to**characterize the genetic variation of the heritage strains at the PRC and develop a breeding strategy to optimize**the maintenance of genetic diversity and optimal genetic contributions in the heritage strains. In doing so, this**project will assist the Canadian poultry industry in pursuing progressive production practices while ensuring**that farmers have the capacity to capitalize on value-added markets, at home and internationally.

在过去的 50 年里，由于育种者严格的性状选择**，家禽生产的生产率急剧提高。由此产生的现代菌株非常适合在商业条件下生存，其中**管理（例如疫苗接种、受控环境、抗生素、营养）在**生产效率中发挥着重要作用。与此同时，消费者对生产实践**（例如，包括抗菌素耐药性）和维护自己后院的鸡群越来越感兴趣。这种“旧即新”的后院鸡群做法引起的一个担忧是，商业菌株已经在商业环境下蓬勃发展**，并且可能存在动物福利、食品安全和环境可持续性**问题。这些环境。鸡的传统品系（例如，保留的、未经选择的鸡品种）**在加拿大家禽业的发展中发挥了重要作用。 “稀有家禽保护计划”**于 1965 年启动，涉及六种鸡。这些种群以及另外两个传统**品种均饲养在阿尔伯塔大学的家禽研究中心。该项目将利用基因组学来**表征中国遗产菌株的遗传变异，并制定育种策略以优化**遗产菌株遗传多样性的维持和最佳遗传贡献。在此过程中，该**项目将协助加拿大家禽业追求进步的生产实践，同时确保**农民有能力利用国内和国际的增值市场。