Enhanced remediation of water, soils and wastes using biosurfactants

使用生物表面活性剂加强水、土壤和废物的修复

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05704
• 负责人: Mulligan, Catherine
• 金额: $ 3.06万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=660410
• 关键词: Enhanced; remediation; water; soils; wastes

Biosurfactant applications in the environmental industries are promising due to their biodegradability, low toxicity and effectiveness in enhancing biodegradation and solubilization of low solubility compounds. A variety of tests have been performed with regards to enhanced bioremediation, flushing and washing of soils and water contaminated with hydrocarbons and/or metals. Newer applications are related to enhancement of remediation techniques such as nanotechnology. Other industrial applications will be investigated such as related to the oil industry. For example, management of fine tailings from the oil sands is a major challenge. Densification of the tailings may take a century. Accelerating the fine tails sedimentation with these biodegradable agents could improve water reuse and pond reclamation. In addition, in an effort to enhance the economics of the process, in situ production of the biosurfactants will be studied and optimized. Oil spills have been considered to be one of the most challenging environmental issues to date. As natural cleanup processes are very slow, a number of cleanup techniques including mechanical, biological, and chemical based treatments have been practiced to control and minimize the negative impact of spills on the environment. The potential application of extracellular addition of biosurfactant sophorolipid (a new class of biosurfactants) on dispersion and biodegradation of oil-contaminated seawater will be investigated. In addition, in an effort to enhance the economics of the process, in situ production of the biosurfactants will be studied and optimized for this application also. Biosurfactants have also been used to remove heavy metals from soil and sediments. This work will be continued to evaluate the use of rhamnolipid for the removal and reduction of hexavalent chromium and another anionic contaminant, arsenic from mining residues by rhamnolipids. In addition it has been previously determined that the surfactants can be introduced in the form of foams. This enhanced the mobility of the surfactants through the soid. Nanomaterials are also being evaluated for the extraction or stabilization of metals within the contaminated solid media. Therefore a combination of foam injection with nanomaterials (metal oxides) will be evaluated to ensure the stability and facility mobility of the nanomaterials within the soil matrix. The objectives of the research will include: Evaluation of the effect of biosurfactants on oil sand tailings sedimentation, evaluation of the effect on oil spill dispersion, and evaluation of the effect of biosurfactants on nanoparticle applications. These approaches will lead to a better understanding of the applications of biosurfactants to remediate and protect the environment in an ecofriendly manner. *****

生物表面活性剂由于其可生物降解性、低毒性以及在增强低溶解度化合物的生物降解和增溶方面的有效性，在环境工业中的应用前景广阔。已经针对受碳氢化合物和/或金属污染的土壤和水的强化生物修复、冲洗和清洗进行了各种测试。较新的应用与纳米技术等修复技术的增强有关。将研究其他工业应用，例如与石油工业相关的应用。例如，油砂细尾矿的管理是一项重大挑战。 尾矿的致密化可能需要一个世纪的时间。使用这些可生物降解的试剂加速细尾沉积可以改善水的再利用和池塘复垦。此外，为了提高该工艺的经济性，将研究和优化生物表面活性剂的原位生产。 石油泄漏被认为是迄今为止最具挑战性的环境问题之一。由于自然清理过程非常缓慢，因此采用了许多清理技术，包括机械、生物和化学处理，以控制和尽量减少泄漏对环境的负面影响。将研究细胞外添加生物表面活性剂槐糖脂（一类新型生物表面活性剂）在石油污染海水的分散和生物降解方面的潜在应用。 此外，为了提高该工艺的经济性，生物表面活性剂的原位生产也将针对该应用进行研究和优化。 生物表面活性剂也已用于去除土壤和沉积物中的重金属。这项工作将继续评估鼠李糖脂用于去除和减少六价铬和另一种阴离子污染物（来自采矿残留物中的砷）的用途。此外，先前已确定表面活性剂可以以泡沫的形式引入。这增强了表面活性剂在固体中的流动性。纳米材料也正在被评估用于提取或稳定受污染的固体介质中的金属。因此，将评估泡沫注射与纳米材料（金属氧化物）的组合，以确保纳米材料在土壤基质内的稳定性和设施流动性。研究目标将包括：评估生物表面活性剂对油砂尾矿沉降的影响、评估对溢油分散的影响以及评估生物表面活性剂对纳米颗粒应用的影响。这些方法将有助于更好地理解生物表面活性剂在以生态友好的方式修复和保护环境方面的应用。 *****